The present 3D Dataset contains 3D models of the cranium surface and of the bony labyrinth endocast of the stem bat Vielasia sigei. They are used by (Hand et al., 2023) to explore the phylogenetic position of this species, to infer its laryngeal echolocating capabilities, and to eventually discuss chiropteran evolution before the crown clade diversification. 

Vielasia sigei UM VIE-250 View specimen

	M3#1269 External surface of the cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1269   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1270 Virtual endocast of the right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1270   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the endocranial cast of Palaeolama sp. from the mid-Pleistocene (~1.2 Mya) of South America, analyzed in Balcarcel et al. 2023.
  

Palaeolama sp. PIMUZ A/V 4091 View specimen

M3#1128 3D model of a natural endocast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1128   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of extant Chiropteran endocranial casts, documenting 16 of the 19 extant bat families. They are used by Maugoust & Orliac (2023) to assess the correspondences between the brain and brain-surrounding tissues (i.e., neural tissues, blood vessels, meninges) and their imprint on the braincase, allowing for eventually proposing a Chiroptera-scale nomenclature of the endocast. 

Balantiopteryx plicata UMMZ 102659 View specimen

M3#1132 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Balantiopteryx plicata Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1132   state:published

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Nycteris macrotis AMNH M-187705 View specimen

M3#1133 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Nycteris macrotis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1133   state:published

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Thyroptera tricolor UMMZ 53240 View specimen

M3#1134 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Thyroptera tricolor Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1134   state:published

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Noctilio albiventris UMMZ 105827 View specimen

M3#1135 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Noctilio albiventris Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1135   state:published

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Mormoops blainvillii AMNH M-271513 View specimen

M3#1136 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Mormoops blainvillii Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1136   state:published

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Macrotus waterhousii UMMZ 95718 View specimen

M3#1137 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Macrotus waterhousii Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1137   state:published

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Nyctiellus lepidus UMMZ 105767 View specimen

M3#1138 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Nyctiellus lepidus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1138   state:published

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Cheiromeles torquatus AMNH M-247585 View specimen

M3#1139 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Cheiromeles torquatus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1139   state:published

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Miniopterus schreibersii UMMZ 156998 View specimen

M3#1140 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Miniopterus schreibersii Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1140   state:published

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Kerivoula pellucida UMMZ 161396 View specimen

M3#1141 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Kerivoula pellucida Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1141   state:published

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Scotophilus kuhlii UMMZ 157013 View specimen

M3#1142 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Scotophilus kuhlii Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1142   state:published

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Rhinolophus luctus MNHN CG-2006-87 View specimen

M3#1143 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Rhinolophus luctus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1143   state:published

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Triaenops persicus AM RG-38552 View specimen

M3#1144 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Triaenops persicus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1144   state:published

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Hipposideros armiger UM ZOOL-762-V View specimen

M3#1145 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Hipposideros armiger Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1145   state:published

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Lavia frons AM RG-12268 View specimen

M3#1146 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Lavia frons Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1146   state:published

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Rhinopoma hardwickii AM RG-M31166 View specimen

M3#1147 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Rhinopoma hardwickii Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1147   state:published

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Sphaerias blanfordi AMNH M-274330 View specimen

M3#1148 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Sphaerias blanfordi Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1148   state:published

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Rousettus aegyptiacus UMMZ 161026 View specimen

M3#1149 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Rousettus aegyptiacus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1149   state:published

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Pteropus pumilus UMMZ 162253 View specimen

M3#1150 Endocranial cast of the corresponding cranium of Pteropus pumilus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1150   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models illustrated and described in the chapter “Paleoneurology of Artiodactyla, an overview of the evolution of the artiodactyl brain” (Orliac et al. 2022) published in "Paleoneurology of amniotes: new directions in the study of fossil endocasts", edited by Dozo, Paulina-Carabajal, Macrini and Walsh.
  

Homacodon vagans AMNH 12695 View specimen

M3#1063 Endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1063   state:published

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Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 View specimen

M3#1064 Endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1064   state:published

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Leptauchenia sp. AMNH 45508 View specimen

M3#1065 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1065   state:published

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Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 95330 View specimen

M3#1067 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1067   state:published

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Mouillacitherium elegans UM ACQ 6625 View specimen

M3#1068 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1068   state:published

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Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 2570 View specimen

M3#1069 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1069   state:published

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Dichobune leporina MNHN.F.QU16586 View specimen

M3#1070 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1070   state:published

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Anoplotherium sp. not numbered View specimen

M3#1071 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1071   state:published

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Our knowledge of the external brain morphology of the late Eocene artiodactyl ungulate Mixtotherium, relies on a plaster model realized on a specimen from the Victor Brun Museum in Montauban (France) and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Here, based on micro CT-scan data, we virtually reconstruct the 3D cast of the empty cavity of the partial cranium MA PHQ 716 from the Victor Brun Museum and compare it to the plaster model illustrated and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Indeed, the specimen from which the original plaster endocast originates was not identified by Dechaseaux by a specimen number. We confirm here that the studied specimen was indeed the one described and illustrated by Dechaseaux (1973). We also reconstruct a second, more detailed, model providing additional morphological and quantitative observations made available by micro CT scan investigation such as precisions on the neopallium folding and endocranial volumes.
  

Mixtotherium cuspidatum MA PHQ 716 View specimen

M3#857 endocast of the brain cavity Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.857   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Hautier L, Tabuce R, Kassegne KE, Amoudji YZ, Mourlam M, Orliac M, Quillévéré F, Charruault A-L, Johnson AKC, Guinot G. 2021. New middle Eocene proboscidean from Togo illuminates the early evolution of the elephantiform-like dental pattern. 

Dagbatitherium tassyi ULDG-DAG1 View specimen

	M3#769 3D model of a molar of Dagbatitherium tassyi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.769   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#771 µCT scan of a molar of Dagbatitherium tassyi. Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.771   state:published	Download CT data

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the endocranial cast of two specimens of Indohyus indirae described in the article entitled “The endocranial cast of Indohyus (Artiodactyla, Raoellidae): the origin of the cetacean brain” (Orliac and Thewissen, 2021). They represent the cast of the main cavity of the braincase as well as associated intraosseous sinuses.
  

Indohyus indirae RR 207 View specimen

M3#710 cast of the main endocranial cavity and associated intraosseous sinuses Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.710   state:published

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Indohyus indirae RR 601 View specimen

M3#711 casts of the main endocranial cavity Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.711   state:published

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This contribution includes the 3D models of the reconstructed ossicular chain of the cainotheriid Caenomeryx filholi from the late Oligocene locality of Pech Desse (MP28, Quercy, France) described and figured in the publication of Assemat et al. (2020). It represents the oldest ossicular chain reconstruction for a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl species. 

Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 3353 View specimen

M3#508 reconstruction of the middle ear with petrosal, bulla, stapes, incus, malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.508   state:published

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In this contribution, we describe the external and internal morphology of a delphinid petrosal bone collected from Ahu Tahai, a burial site located on the Southwestern coast of Easter Island, at Hangaroa. We discuss the taxonomic attribution of this archaeological item and describe its internal structures based on µCT data, including the bony labyrinth and the nerve and vein patterns. Identification of the nerves exists lead us to relocate the identification of the foramen singulare in delphinid petrosals.

  

indet. indet. AT1 View specimen

	M3#420 Stapes Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.420   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#421 petrosal bone Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.421   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#422 in situ bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.422   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#423 bony labyrinth and associated nerves and blood vessels Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.423   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models of the ossicles of a protocetid archaeocete from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2019). 

indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

	M3#407 stapes Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.407   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#408 Incus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.408   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#409 Malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.409   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This note presents the 3D model of the hemi-mandible UM-PAT 159 of the MP7 Diacodexis species D. cf. gigasei and 3D models corresponding to the restoration of the ascending ramus, broken on the original specimen, and to a restoration of a complete mandible based on the preserved left hemi-mandible.  

Diacodexis cf. gigasei UMPAT159 View specimen

	M3#315 3D models of UM PAT 159 after the restoration of the ascending ramus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.315   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#316 restoration of a complete mandible based on the preserved left hemi-mandible UM PAT 159 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.316   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#317 3D model of the hemi-mandible UM PAT 159 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.317   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models of the bony labyrinths of two protocetid archaeocetes from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.061  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#149 bony labyrinth of ? Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.149   state:published

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

M3#150 bony labyrinth of Protocetidae indet. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.150   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Mourlam, M., Orliac, M. J. (2017), Protocetid (Cetacea, Artiodactyla) bullae and petrosals from the Middle Eocene locality of Kpogamé, Togo: new insights into the early history of cetacean hearing. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1328378
  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#132 left petrosal of ?Carolinacetus sp. from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.132   state:published

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

	M3#133 labelled surface of the left petrosal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.133   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#134 left bullaof Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.134   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#135 petrotympanic complex of Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.135   state:published	Download 3D surface file

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 33 View specimen

M3#136 left auditory bulla of a juvenile specimen of ?Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.136   state:published

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Togocetus traversei UM KPG-M 80 View specimen

M3#137 fragmentary right auditory bulla of Togocetus traversei from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.137   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the publication entitled "The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe" by Orliac, Araújo, and Lihoreau published in Journal of Morphology (Orliac et al. 2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20702.
  

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1079 View specimen

	M3#138 right bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.138   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#139 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.139   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1080 View specimen

	M3#140 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.140   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#141 left isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.141   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1081 View specimen

	M3#142 right bony labyrinth and associated nerves and veins of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.142   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#143 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.143   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1083 View specimen

	M3#144 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.144   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#145 left petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.145   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Ramdarshan A., Orliac M.J., 2015. Endocranial morphology of Microchoerus erinaceus (Euprimates, Tarsiiformes) and early evolution of the Euprimates brain. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22868

  

Microchoerus erinaceus UM-PRR1771 View specimen

	M3#15 Labelled 3D model of the endocranial cast and sinuse of Microchoerus erinaceus. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf15   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1303 50µm voxel size µCT scan of the cranium of UM PRR1771 Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1303   state:published	Download CT data

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Orliac M.J., Karadenizli L., Antoine P.-O., Sen S. 2015. Small suids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Early Miocene of Turkey and a short overview of Early Miocene small suoids in the Old World. Paleontologia electronica 18(2): 18.2.30A: 1-48. https://doi.org/10.26879/547 

?Nguruwe galaticum SMT-1 View specimen

M3#16 fragment of palate with left broken M1-M3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf16   state:published

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This project presents the osteological connexions of the petrosal bone of the extant Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus amphibius and Choeropsis liberiensis by a virtual osteological dissection of the ear region. The petrosal, the bulla, the sinuses and the major morphological features surrounding the petrosal bone are labelled, both in situ and in an exploded model presenting disassembly views. The directional underwater hearing mode of Hippopotamidae is discussed based on the new observations. 

Choeropsis liberiensis UPPal-M09-5-005a View specimen

	M3#1 Labelled compact model of the right ear region of Choeropsis liberiensis (UPPal-M09-5-005a) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf1   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#2 Labelled exploded model of the right ear region of Choeropsis liberiensis (UPPal-M09-5-005a) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf2   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Hippopotamus amphibius UM N179 View specimen

	M3#3 Labelled compact model of the right ear region of Hippopotamus amphibius (UM N 179) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf3   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#4 Labelled exploded model of the right ear region of Hippopotamus amphibius (UM N 179) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf4   state:published	Download 3D surface file