MicroCT survey of larval skeletal mineralization in the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus (Actinopterygii; Lepisosteiformes)

Raphaël Scherrer, Andrés Hurtado, Erik Garcia Machado and Mélanie Debiais-Thibaud

Abstract

Using X-ray microtomography, we describe the ossification events during the larval development of a non-teleost actinopterygian species: the Cuban gar Atractosteus tristoechus from the order Lepisosteiformes. We provide a detailed developmental series for each anatomical structure, covering a large sequence of mineralization events going from an early stage (13 days post-hatching, 21mm total length) to an almost fully ossified larval stage (118dph or 87mm in standard length). With this work, we expect to bring new developmental data to be used in further comparative studies with other lineages of bony vertebrates. We also hope that the on-line publication of these twelve successive 3D reconstructions, fully labelled and flagged, will be an educational tool for all students in comparative anatomy. 

Atractosteus tristoechus At1-13dph View specimen

M3#94_At1-13dph At1-13dph : 13 dph larvae, 21 mm TL Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.94

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Atractosteus tristoechus At2-16dph View specimen

M3#95_At2-16dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 16 dph, 26mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.95

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Atractosteus tristoechus At3-19dph View specimen

M3#96_At3-19dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 19 dph, 27mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.96

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Atractosteus tristoechus At4-22dph View specimen

M3#97_At4-22dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 22dph, 30mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.97

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Atractosteus tristoechus At5-26dph View specimen

M3#98_At5-26dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 26 dph, 32mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.98

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Atractosteus tristoechus At6-31dph View specimen

M3#99_At6-31dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 31 dph, 39mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.99

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Atractosteus tristoechus At7-37dph View specimen

M3#100_At7-37dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 37 dph, 43mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.100

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Atractosteus tristoechus At8-52dph View specimen

M3#101_At8-52dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 52 dph, 46mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.101

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Atractosteus tristoechus At9-74dph View specimen

M3#102_At9-74dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 74 dph, 61mm SL. Not all structures are colored, only newly ossified ones. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.102

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Atractosteus tristoechus At10-89dph View specimen

M3#103_At10-89dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 89 dph, 63mm SL. Not all structures are colored, only newly ossified ones. You may find the tag file in the At1-13dph reconstruction data. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.103

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Atractosteus tristoechus At11-104dph View specimen

M3#104_At11-104dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 104 dph, 70mm SL. Not all structures are colored, only newly ossified ones. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.104

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Atractosteus tristoechus At12-118dph View specimen

M3#105_At12-118dph Atractosteus tristoechus larva, 118 dph, 87mm SL. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.105

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3D atlas and comparative osteology of the middle ear ossicles among Eulipotyphla (Mammalia, Placentalia).

Daisuke Koyabu

Abstract

Considerable morphological variations are found in the middle ear among mammals. Here I present a three-dimensional atlas of the middle ear ossicles of eulipotyphlan mammals. This group has radiated into various environments as terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats independently in multiple lineages. Therefore, eulipotyphlans are an ideal group to explore the form-function relationship of the middle ear ossicles. This comparative atlas of hedgehogs, true shrews, water shrews, mole shrews, true moles, and shrew moles encourages future studies of the middle ear morphology of this diverse group.
  

Erinaceus europaeus DK2331 View specimen

M3#151_DK2331 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.151

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Anourosorex yamashinai SIK_yamashinai View specimen

M3#152_SIK_yamashinai Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.152

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Blarina brevicauda M8003 View specimen

M3#153_M8003 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.153

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Chimarrogale platycephala DK5481 View specimen

M3#162_DK5481 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.162

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Suncus murinus DK1227 View specimen

M3#155_DK1227 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.155

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Condylura cristata SIK0050 View specimen

M3#156_SIK0050 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.156

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Euroscaptor klossi SIK0673 View specimen

M3#163_SIK0673 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.163

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Euroscaptor malayana SIK_malayana View specimen

M3#164_SIK_malayana Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.164

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Mogera wogura DK2551 View specimen

M3#159_DK2551 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.159

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Talpa altaica SIK_altaica View specimen

M3#161_SIK_altaica Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.161

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Urotrichus talpoides DK0887 View specimen

M3#165_DK0887 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.165

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Oreoscaptor mizura DK6545 View specimen

M3#166_DK6545 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.166

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Scalopus aquaticus SIK_aquaticus View specimen

M3#167_SIK_aquaticus Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.167

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Scapanus orarius SIK_orarius View specimen

M3#168_SIK_orarius Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.168

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Neurotrichus gibbsii SIK_gibbsii View specimen

M3#169_SIK_gibbsii Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.169

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3D models related to the publication: Infrasonic and ultrasonic hearing evolved after the emergence of modern whales

Maëva Orliac and Mickaël Mourlam

This contribution contains the 3D models of the bony labyrinths of two protocetid archaeocetes from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.061  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#149_UM KPG-M 164 bony labyrinth of ? Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.149

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

M3#150_UM KPG-M 73 bony labyrinth of Protocetidae indet. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.150

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3D models related to the publication: Protocetid (Cetacea, Artiodactyla) bullae and petrosals from the Middle Eocene locality of Kpogamé, Togo: new insights into the early history of cetacean hearing

Mickaël Mourlam and Maëva Orliac

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Mourlam, M., Orliac, M. J. (2017), Protocetid (Cetacea, Artiodactyla) bullae and petrosals from the Middle Eocene locality of Kpogamé, Togo: new insights into the early history of cetacean hearing. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1328378
  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#132_UM KPG-M 164 left petrosal of ?Carolinacetus sp. from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.132

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

	M3#133_UM KPG-M 73 labelled surface of the left petrosal Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.133	Download 3D data
	M3#134_UM KPG-M 73 left bullaof Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.134	Download 3D data
	M3#135_UM KPG-M 73 petrotympanic complex of Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.135	Download 3D data

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 33 View specimen

M3#136_UM KPG-M 33 left auditory bulla of a juvenile specimen of ?Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.136

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Togocetus traversei UM KPG-M 80 View specimen

M3#137_UM KPG-M 80 fragmentary right auditory bulla of Togocetus traversei from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.137

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3D models related to the publication: The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe

Maëva Orliac, Ricardo Araújo and Fabrice Lihoreau

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the publication entitled "The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe" by Orliac, Araújo, and Lihoreau published in Journal of Morphology (Orliac et al. 2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20702.
  

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1079 View specimen

	M3#138_UM ITD 1079 right bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.138	Download 3D data
	M3#139_UM ITD 1079 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.139	Download 3D data

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1080 View specimen

	M3#140_UM ITD 1080 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.140	Download 3D data
	M3#141_UM ITD 1080 left isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.141	Download 3D data

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1081 View specimen

	M3#142_UM ITD 1081 right bony labyrinth and associated nerves and veins of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.142	Download 3D data
	M3#143_UM ITD 1081 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.143	Download 3D data

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1083 View specimen

	M3#144_UM ITD 1083 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.144	Download 3D data
	M3#145_UM ITD 1083 left petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.145	Download 3D data

3D model related to the publication: New remains of Chambius kasserinensis from the Eocene of Tunisia and evaluation of proposed affinities for Macroscelidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria)

Rodolphe Tabuce

This contribution contains the 3D model of the holotype of Chambius kasserinensis, the basalmost ‘elephant-shrew’ figured in the following publication: New remains of Chambius kasserinensis from the Eocene of Tunisia and evaluation of proposed affinities for Macroscelidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria). https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1297433 

Chambius kasserinensis CBI-1-06 View specimen

M3#146_CBI-1-06 3D model of the holotype maxilla of Chambius kasserinensis. The 3D surface was extracted manually from the limestone matrix within AVIZO 9.2 Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.146

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3D model related to the publication: Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse

Carlo Romano, James F. Jenks, Romain Jattiot, Torsten M. Scheyer, Kevin G. Bylund and Hugo Bucher

The presented dataset contains the 3D surface scan of the holotype of Birgeria americana, a partial skull described and depicted in: Romano, C., Jenks, J.F., Jattiot, R., Scheyer, T.M., Bylund, K.G. & Bucher, H. 2017. Marine Early Triassic Actinopterygii from Elko County (Nevada, USA): implications for the Smithian equatorial vertebrate eclipse. Journal of Paleontology. https://doi.org/10.1017/jpa.2017.36 . 

Birgeria americana NMMNH P-66225 View specimen

M3#175_NMMNH P-66225 NMMNH P-66225 is from upper lower Smithian to lower upper Smithian beds (Thaynes Group). The collecting site is located about 2.75 km south-southeast of the Winecup Ranch, east-central Elko County, Nevada, USA. P-66225 is a partial skull preserved within a large limestone nodule, with its right side exposed. It preserves the portion between the cleithrum posteriorly, and the level of the hind margin of the orbital opening anteriorly. The fossil has a length of 26 cm. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.175

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3D model and accompanying dataset related to the publication: A new, exceptionally preserved juvenile specimen of Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi (Diapsida) and implications for Mesozoic marine diapsid phylogeny

Torsten M. Scheyer, James, M. Neenan, Timea Bodogan, Heinz Furrer, Christian Obrist and Mathieu Plamondon

The present contribution contains the 3D model and dataset analyzed in the following publication: Scheyer, T. M., J. M. Neenan, T. Bodogan, H. Furrer, C. Obrist, and M. Plamondon. 2017. A new, exceptionally preserved juvenile specimen of Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi (Diapsida) and implications for Mesozoic marine diapsid phylogeny. Scientific Reports, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-04514-x . 

Eusaurosphargis dalsassoi PIMUZ A/III 4380 View specimen

	M3#179_PIMUZ A/III 4380 94 extracted surfaces of skeletal elements of PIMUZ A/III 4380 Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.179	Download 3D data
	M3#180_PIMUZ A/III 4380 Accompanying CT scan dataset Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.180	Download CT data

3D models related to the publication: The hidden teeth of sloths: evolutionary vestiges and the development of a simplified dentition.

Lionel Hautier, Helder Gomes Rodrigues, Guillaume Billet and Robert J. Asher

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication:  Hautier L., Gomes Rodrigues H., Billet G., Asher R.J., 2016. The hidden teeth of sloths: evolutionary vestiges and the development of a simplified dentition. Scientific Reports. doi: 10.1038/srep27763 

Bradypus variegatus ZMB 33812 View specimen

M3#110_ZMB 33812 Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.110

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Bradypus variegatus ZMB 41122 View specimen

M3#109_ZMB 41122 Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.109

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Bradypus variegatus MNHN-ZM-MO-1995-326A View specimen

M3#111_MNHN-ZM-MO-1995-326A Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.111

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Bradypus variegatus MNHN-ZM-MO-1995-326B View specimen

M3#112_MNHN-ZM-MO-1995-326B Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.112

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Bradypus sp. MNHN-ZM-MO-1902-325 View specimen

M3#113_MNHN-ZM-MO-1902-325 Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary, and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.113

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Bradypus sp. MNHN-ZM-MO-1995-327 View specimen

M3#114_MNHN-ZM-MO-1995-327 Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.114

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Choloepus didactylus MNHN-ZM-MO-1882-625 View specimen

M3#115_MNHN-ZM-MO-1882-625 Three-dimensional reconstruction of the teeth, mandibles, maxillary and premaxillary bones Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.115

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3D model related to the publication: An enigmatic aquatic snake from the Cenomanian of northern South America

Adriana Albino, Jorge Carrillo-Briceño and James, M. Neenan

This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Albino, A., Carrillo-Briceño, J. D. & Neenan, J. M. 2016. An enigmatic aquatic snake from the Cenomanian of northern South America. PeerJ 4:e2027 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2027 

Lunaophis aquaticus MCNC-1827-F View specimen

M3#116_MCNC-1827-F Articulated precloacal vertebrae of Lunaophis aquaticus Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.116

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3D models related to the publication: Prenatal growth stages show the development of the ruminant bony labyrinth and petrosal bone.

Loïc Costeur and Bastien Mennecart

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Costeur L., Mennecart B., Müller B., Schulz G., 2016. Prenatal growth stages show the development of the ruminant bony labyrinth and petrosal bone. Journal of Anatomy. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.12549 

Bos taurus NMB3038 View specimen

M3#124_NMB3038 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 115 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.124

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Bos taurus NMB3367 View specimen

M3#125_NMB3367 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 165 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.125

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Bos taurus NMB3365 View specimen

M3#126_NMB3365 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 210 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.126

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Bos taurus NMB2855 View specimen

M3#127_NMB2855 Right bony labyrinth of a Bos taurus foetus (gestational age 260 days) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.127

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Bos taurus NMB1037 View specimen

M3#128_NMB1037 Left bony labyrinth of an adult Bos taurus Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.128

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3D data and models related to the publication: An updated description of the osteology of the pancake tortoise Malacochersus tornieri (Testudines: Testudinidae) with special focus on intraspecific variation.

Anna-Katharina Mautner , Ashley E. Latimer, Uwe Fritz and Torsten M. Scheyer

The present publication contains the µCT dataset and the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Mautner, A.-K., A. E. Latimer, U. Fritz, and T. M. Scheyer. An updated description of the osteology of the pancake tortoise Malacochersus tornieri (Testudines: Testudinidae) with special focus on intraspecific variation. Journal of Morphology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20640 

Malacochersus tornieri ZM 100.102 View specimen

	M3#129_ZM 100.102 Virtual brain and inner ear endocast of Malacochersus tornieri (ZM 100.102; Zoological Museum of The University of Zurich). This virtual model is accompanied by the 3D dataset. Blue, endocranium; red, blood vessels; purple, semicircular canals; yellow, cranial nerves. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.129	Download 3D data
	M3#130_ZM 100.102 3D dataset of skull of Malacochersus tornieri (ZM 100.102) Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.130	Download CT data