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3D dataset

3D models related to the publication: Reexamining the evolutionary history of the mammalian medial pterygoid muscle
Julia A. Schultz Logo, Lucas N. Weaver Logo, Kai R. K. Jäger Logo and David M. Grossnickle Logo
Published online: 05/05/2026

Keywords: Cladotheria; Docodonta; Eutriconodonta; Mammalia; Postdentary bones

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.298

References: 12

Cite this article: Julia A. Schultz, Lucas N. Weaver, Kai R. K. Jäger and David M. Grossnickle, 2026. 3D models related to the publication: Reexamining the evolutionary history of the mammalian medial pterygoid muscle. MorphoMuseuM e298. doi: 10.18563/journal.m3.298

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Abstract

The present dataset contains 3D models used for illustration purposes in Schultz, J. A., Weaver, L. N., Jäger, K. R. K. & Grossnickle, D. M., 2026. Reexamining the evolutionary history of the mammalian medial pterygoid muscle. Evolution. The dataset includes 3D models based on micro-computed tomography (µCT) data of the postdentary area of the morganucodontan Morganucodon, the docodontan Docodon, the eutriconodontan Priacodon and the cladotherian Dryolestes. In addition, the dataset includes manually reconstructed schematic 3D models of the middle ear bones for the morganucodontan Morganucodon, the docodontan Docodon, the eutriconodontan Priacodon and schematic middle ear bones and a virtually rendered juvenile lower jaw of a juvenile monotreme Ornithorhynchus (based on illustrations of Zeller [1989]). 

Specimens and 3D Data

Morganucodon sp. NHM M84028 View specimen

M3#1883

Lower jaw with manually reconstructed Meckel’s cartilage and schematic middle ear bones (Ectotympanic, Articular/part of Malleus, Surangular/ part of Malleus)

Type: "3D_surfaces"

doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1883   state:in_press




Download 3D surface file

Priacodon fruitaensis LACM 120451 View specimen

M3#1884

Lower jaw with manually reconstructed Meckel’s cartilage and schematic middle ear bones (Ectotympanic, Articular/part of Malleus, Surangular/part of Malleus)

Type: "3D_surfaces"

doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1884   state:in_press




Download 3D surface file

Dryolestes leiriensis GuiMam 3-78 View specimen

M3#1888

Lower jaw with manually reconstructed schematic Meckel’s cartilage

Type: "3D_surfaces"

doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1888   state:in_press




Download 3D surface file

Docodon victor YPM10649, YPM13735, YPM11823 and YPM11826 View specimen

M3#1886

Lower jaw with manually reconstructed Meckel’s cartilage and schematic middle ear bones (Ectotympanic, Articular/part of Malleus, Surangular/part of Malleus), for specification of jaw see Schultz et al. (2019)

Type: "3D_surfaces"

doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1886   state:in_press




Download 3D surface file

Ornithorhynchus anatinus S32167 View specimen

M3#1887

Lower jaw with manually reconstructed Meckel’s cartilage and schematic middle ear bones (Prearticular, Articular/part of the Malleus, Surangular/part of Malleus, Angular/Incus)

Type: "3D_surfaces"

doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1887   state:in_press




Download 3D surface file


 

Article state: in_press

References

Ji Q, Luo ZX, Zhang X, Yuan CX, Xu L. 2009. Evolutionary development of the middle ear in Mesozoic therian mammals. Science, 326(5950), 278-281. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1178501

Jäger KRK, Cifelli RL, Martin T. 2020. Molar occlusion and jaw roll in early crown mammals. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 22378. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-79159-4

Kermack KA, Mussett F, Rigney HW. 1981. The skull of Morganucodon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71, 1-158. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1981.tb01127.x

Kermack KA, Mussett F, Rigney HW. 1973. The lower jaw of Morganucodon. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 53, 87-175. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1973.tb00786.x

Luo ZX. 2011. Developmental patterns in Mesozoic evolution of mammal ears. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, 42, 355-380. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ecolsys-032511-142302

Luo ZX, Chen P, Li G, Chen M. 2007. A new eutriconodont mammal and evolutionary development in early mammals. Nature, 446, 288-293. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature05627

Luo ZX, Schultz JA, Ekdale EG. 2016. Evolution of the middle and inner ears of mammaliaforms: The approach to mammals. In Evolution of the vertebrate ear: evidence from the fossil record (eds JA Clack, RR Fay, AN Popper), pp. 139-174. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46661-3_6

Mao F, Hu Y, Li C, Wang Y, Chase MH, Smith AK, Meng J. 2020. Integrated hearing and chewing modules decoupled in a Cretaceous stem therian mammal. Science, 367, 305-308. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aay9220

Patterson B. 1956. Early Cretaceous mammals and the evolution of mammalian molar teeth. Fieldiana Geology, 13, 1-105. https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.3460

Schultz JA, Bhullar BAS, Luo ZX (2019). Re-examination of the Jurassic mammaliaform Docodon victor by computed tomography and occlusal functional analysis. Journal of Mammalian Evolution, 26(1), 9-38. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-017-9418-5

Schultz, J. A., Weaver, L. N., Jäger, K. R. K. & Grossnickle, D. M., 2026. Reexamining the evolutionary history of the mammalian medial pterygoid muscle. Evolution. The dataset includes 3D models based on micro-computed tomography (µCT) data of the postdentary area of the morganucodontan Morganucodon, the docodontan Docodon, the eutriconodont Priacodon and the cladotherian Dryolestes. bioRxiv https://doi.org/10.1101/2025.08.19.671132

Zeller U (1989). Die Entwicklung und Morphologie des Schädels von Ornithorhynchus anatinus (Mammalia: Prototheria: Monotremata). Abhandlungen der Senckenbergischen Naturforschenden Gesellschaft, 545, 1-188.
  


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