The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models illustrated and described in the chapter “Paleoneurology of Artiodactyla, an overview of the evolution of the artiodactyl brain” (Orliac et al. 2022) published in "Paleoneurology of amniotes: new directions in the study of fossil endocasts", edited by Dozo, Paulina-Carabajal, Macrini and Walsh.
  

Anoplotherium sp. not numbered View specimen

M3#1071_not numbered endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1071

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Dichobune leporina MNHN.F.QU16586 View specimen

M3#1070_MNHN.F.QU16586 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1070

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Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 2570 View specimen

M3#1069_UM PDS 2570 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1069

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Mouillacitherium elegans UM ACQ 6625 View specimen

M3#1068_UM ACQ 6625 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1068

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Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 95330 View specimen

M3#1067_AMNH 95330 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1067

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Leptauchenia sp. AMNH 45508 View specimen

M3#1065_AMNH 45508 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1065

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Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 View specimen

M3#1064_AMNH 13079 Endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1064

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Homacodon vagans AMNH 12695 View specimen

M3#1063_AMNH 12695 Endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1063

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Our knowledge of the external brain morphology of the late Eocene artiodactyl ungulate Mixtotherium, relies on a plaster model realized on a specimen from the Victor Brun Museum in Montauban (France) and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Here, based on micro CT-scan data, we virtually reconstruct the 3D cast of the empty cavity of the partial cranium MA PHQ 716 from the Victor Brun Museum and compare it to the plaster model illustrated and described by Dechaseaux (1973). Indeed, the specimen from which the original plaster endocast originates was not identified by Dechaseaux by a specimen number. We confirm here that the studied specimen was indeed the one described and illustrated by Dechaseaux (1973). We also reconstruct a second, more detailed, model providing additional morphological and quantitative observations made available by micro CT scan investigation such as precisions on the neopallium folding and endocranial volumes.
  

Mixtotherium cuspidatum MA PHQ 716 View specimen

M3#857_MA PHQ 716 endocast of the brain cavity Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.857

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Hautier L, Tabuce R, Kassegne KE, Amoudji YZ, Mourlam M, Orliac M, Quillévéré F, Charruault A-L, Johnson AKC, Guinot G. 2021. New middle Eocene proboscidean from Togo illuminates the early evolution of the elephantiform-like dental pattern. 

Dagbatitherium tassyi ULDG-DAG1 View specimen

	M3#769_ULDG-DAG1 3D model of a molar of Dagbatitherium tassyi. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.769	Download 3D data
	M3#771_ULDG-DAG1 µCT scan of a molar of Dagbatitherium tassyi. Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.771	Download CT data

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the endocranial cast of two specimens of Indohyus indirae described in the article entitled “The endocranial cast of Indohyus (Artiodactyla, Raoellidae): the origin of the cetacean brain” (Orliac and Thewissen, 2021). They represent the cast of the main cavity of the braincase as well as associated intraosseous sinuses.
  

Indohyus indirae RR 601 View specimen

M3#711_RR 601 casts of the main endocranial cavity Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.711

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Indohyus indirae RR 207 View specimen

M3#710_RR 207 cast of the main endocranial cavity and associated intraosseous sinuses Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.710

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This contribution includes the 3D models of the reconstructed ossicular chain of the cainotheriid Caenomeryx filholi from the late Oligocene locality of Pech Desse (MP28, Quercy, France) described and figured in the publication of Assemat et al. (2020). It represents the oldest ossicular chain reconstruction for a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl species. 

Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 3353 View specimen

M3#508_UM PDS 3353 reconstruction of the middle ear with petrosal, bulla, stapes, incus, malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.508

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In this contribution, we describe the external and internal morphology of a delphinid petrosal bone collected from Ahu Tahai, a burial site located on the Southwestern coast of Easter Island, at Hangaroa. We discuss the taxonomic attribution of this archaeological item and describe its internal structures based on µCT data, including the bony labyrinth and the nerve and vein patterns. Identification of the nerves exists lead us to relocate the identification of the foramen singulare in delphinid petrosals.

  

indet. indet. AT1 View specimen

	M3#420_AT1 Stapes Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.420	Download 3D data
	M3#421_AT1 petrosal bone Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.421	Download 3D data
	M3#422_AT1 in situ bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.422	Download 3D data
	M3#423_AT1 bony labyrinth and associated nerves and blood vessels Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.423	Download 3D data

This contribution contains the 3D models of the ossicles of a protocetid archaeocete from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2019). 

indet. indet. UM KPG M 73 View specimen

	M3#407_UM KPG M 73 stapes Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.407	Download 3D data
	M3#408_UM KPG M 73 Incus Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.408	Download 3D data
	M3#409_UM KPG M 73 Malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.409	Download 3D data

This note presents the 3D model of the hemi-mandible UM-PAT 159 of the MP7 Diacodexis species D. cf. gigasei and 3D models corresponding to the restoration of the ascending ramus, broken on the original specimen, and to a restoration of a complete mandible based on the preserved left hemi-mandible.  

Diacodexis cf. gigasei UMPAT159 View specimen

	M3#315_UMPAT159 3D models of UM PAT 159 after the restoration of the ascending ramus Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.315	Download 3D data
	M3#316_UMPAT159 restoration of a complete mandible based on the preserved left hemi-mandible UM PAT 159 Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.316	Download 3D data
	M3#317_UMPAT159 3D model of the hemi-mandible UM PAT 159 Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.317	Download 3D data

This contribution contains the 3D models of the bony labyrinths of two protocetid archaeocetes from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.061  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#149_UM KPG-M 164 bony labyrinth of ? Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.149

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

M3#150_UM KPG-M 73 bony labyrinth of Protocetidae indet. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.150

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Mourlam, M., Orliac, M. J. (2017), Protocetid (Cetacea, Artiodactyla) bullae and petrosals from the Middle Eocene locality of Kpogamé, Togo: new insights into the early history of cetacean hearing. Journal of Systematic Palaeontology https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2017.1328378
  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#132_UM KPG-M 164 left petrosal of ?Carolinacetus sp. from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.132

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

	M3#133_UM KPG-M 73 labelled surface of the left petrosal Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.133	Download 3D data
	M3#134_UM KPG-M 73 left bullaof Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.134	Download 3D data
	M3#135_UM KPG-M 73 petrotympanic complex of Protocetidae indeterminate from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.135	Download 3D data

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 33 View specimen

M3#136_UM KPG-M 33 left auditory bulla of a juvenile specimen of ?Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.136

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Togocetus traversei UM KPG-M 80 View specimen

M3#137_UM KPG-M 80 fragmentary right auditory bulla of Togocetus traversei from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.137

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the publication entitled "The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe" by Orliac, Araújo, and Lihoreau published in Journal of Morphology (Orliac et al. 2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20702.
  

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1079 View specimen

	M3#138_UM ITD 1079 right bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.138	Download 3D data
	M3#139_UM ITD 1079 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.139	Download 3D data

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1080 View specimen

	M3#140_UM ITD 1080 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.140	Download 3D data
	M3#141_UM ITD 1080 left isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.141	Download 3D data

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1081 View specimen

	M3#142_UM ITD 1081 right bony labyrinth and associated nerves and veins of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.142	Download 3D data
	M3#143_UM ITD 1081 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.143	Download 3D data

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1083 View specimen

	M3#144_UM ITD 1083 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.144	Download 3D data
	M3#145_UM ITD 1083 left petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.145	Download 3D data

This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Ramdarshan A., Orliac M.J., 2015. Endocranial morphology of Microchoerus erinaceus (Euprimates, Tarsiiformes) and early evolution of the Euprimates brain. American Journal of Physical Anthropology. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.22868

  

Microchoerus erinaceus UM-PRR1771 View specimen

M3#15_UM-PRR1771 Labelled 3D model of the endocranial cast and sinuse of Microchoerus erinaceus. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf15

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Orliac M.J., Karadenizli L., Antoine P.-O., Sen S. 2015. Small suids (Mammalia, Artiodactyla) from the late Early Miocene of Turkey and a short overview of Early Miocene small suoids in the Old World. Paleontologia electronica 18(2): 18.2.30A: 1-48 

?Nguruwe galaticum SMT-1 View specimen

M3#16_SMT-1 fragment of palate with left broken M1-M3 Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf16

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This project presents the osteological connexions of the petrosal bone of the extant Hippopotamidae Hippopotamus amphibius and Choeropsis liberiensis by a virtual osteological dissection of the ear region. The petrosal, the bulla, the sinuses and the major morphological features surrounding the petrosal bone are labelled, both in situ and in an exploded model presenting disassembly views. The directional underwater hearing mode of Hippopotamidae is discussed based on the new observations. 

Choeropsis liberiensis UPPal-M09-5-005a View specimen

	M3#1_UPPal-M09-5-005a Labelled compact model of the right ear region of Choeropsis liberiensis (UPPal-M09-5-005a) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf1	Download 3D data
	M3#2_UPPal-M09-5-005a Labelled exploded model of the right ear region of Choeropsis liberiensis (UPPal-M09-5-005a) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf2	Download 3D data

Hippopotamus amphibius UM N179 View specimen

	M3#3_UM N179 Labelled compact model of the right ear region of Hippopotamus amphibius (UM N 179) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf3	Download 3D data
	M3#4_UM N179 Labelled exploded model of the right ear region of Hippopotamus amphibius (UM N 179) Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf4	Download 3D data