The present 3D Dataset contains 3D models of the cranial, visceral, and pectoral endoskeleton of Iniopera, an iniopterygian stem-group holocephalan from the Pennsylvanian of the USA. These data formed the basis for the analyses carried out in Dearden et al. (2023) “Evidence for high-performance suction feeding in the Pennsylvanian stem-group holocephalan Iniopera” PNAS. 

Iniopera sp. KUNHM 22060, 158289 View specimen

M3#1034_KUNHM 22060, 21894 plys of the head endoskeleton of Iniopera sp. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1034

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models illustrated and described in the chapter “Paleoneurology of Artiodactyla, an overview of the evolution of the artiodactyl brain” (Orliac et al. 2022) published in "Paleoneurology of amniotes: new directions in the study of fossil endocasts", edited by Dozo, Paulina-Carabajal, Macrini and Walsh.
  

Homacodon vagans AMNH 12695 View specimen

M3#1063_AMNH 12695 Endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1063

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Helohyus sp. AMNH 13079 View specimen

M3#1064_AMNH 13079 Endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1064

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Leptauchenia sp. AMNH 45508 View specimen

M3#1065_AMNH 45508 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1065

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Agriochoerus sp. AMNH 95330 View specimen

M3#1067_AMNH 95330 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1067

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Mouillacitherium elegans UM ACQ 6625 View specimen

M3#1068_UM ACQ 6625 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1068

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Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 2570 View specimen

M3#1069_UM PDS 2570 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1069

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Dichobune leporina MNHN.F.QU16586 View specimen

M3#1070_MNHN.F.QU16586 endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1070

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Anoplotherium sp. not numbered View specimen

M3#1071_not numbered endocranial cast Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1071

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of an ilium, a vertebra, and a partial scapula of Prestosuchus sp. that were analyzed in “New Loricata remains from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence (Middle-Upper Triassic), southern Brazil”. 

Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11603 View specimen

M3#1080_UFSM11603 Surface scan of a right ilium of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1080

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11233 View specimen

M3#1081_UFSM11233 Surface scan of a partial right scapula of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1081

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11602a View specimen

M3#1082_UFSM11602a Surface scan of a anterior dorsal vertebra of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.2 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1082

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Turtles are one of the most impressive vertebrates. Much of the body is either hidden in a shell or can be drawn into it. Turtles impress with their individual longevity and their often peaceful disposition. Also, with their resilience, they have survived all extinction events since their emergence in the Late Triassic. Today's diversity of shapes is impressive and ranges from the large and high domed Galapagos turtles to the hamster-sized flat pancake turtles. The holotype of one of the oldest fossil turtles, Proganochelys quenstedtii, is housed in the paleontological collection in Tübingen/Germany. Since its discovery some years before 1873, P. quenstedtii has represented the 'prototype' of the turtle and has had an eventful scientific history. It was found in Neuenhaus (Häfner-Neuhausen in Schönbuch forest), Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and stems from Löwenstein-Formation (Weißer Keupersandstein), Late Triassic. The current catalogue number is GPIT-PV-30000. The specimen is listed in the historical inventory “Tübinger Petrefaktenverzeichnis 1841 bis 1896, [folio 326v.]“, as “[catalogue number: PV]16549, Schildkröte Weiser Keupersandstein Hafnerhausen” [turtle from White Keuper Sandstone]. Another, more recent synonym is “GPIT/RE/9396”. The same specimen was presented as uncatalogued by Gaffney (1990). Here we provide a surface scan of the steinkern for easier access of this famous specimen to the scientific community.
  

Proganochelys quenstedtii GPIT-PV-30000 View specimen

M3#967_GPIT-PV-30000 This the surface model of the steinkern of the shell of Proganochelys quenstedtii. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.967

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This contribution contains the 3D model of an endocranial cast analyzed in “A 10 ka intentionally deformed human skull from Northeast Asia”. There are many studies on the morphological characteristics of intentional cranial deformation (ICD), but few related 3D models were published. Here, we present the surface model of an intentionally deformed 10 ka human cranium for further research on ICD practice. The 3D model of the endocranial cast of this ICD cranium was discovered near Harbin City, Province Heilongjiang, Northeast China. The fossil preserved only the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. To complete the endocast model of the specimen, we printed a 3D model and used modeling clay to reconstruct the missing part based on the general form of the modern human endocast morphology.
  

Homo sapiens IVPP-PA1616 View specimen

	M3#976_IVPP-PA1616 The original endocranial cast model (with texture) of IVPP-PA1616. It shows the original structures of the specimen, and was not altered in any way. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.976	Download 3D data
	M3#972_IVPP-PA1616 The frontal region of the endocast is flattened, probably formed by the constant pressure on the frontal bone during growth. There is a well-developed frontal crest on the endocranial surface. The endocast widens posteriorly from the frontal lobe. The widest point of the endocast is at the lateral border of the parietal lobe. The lower parietal areas display a marked lateral expansion. The overall shape of the endocast is asymmetrical, with the left side of the parietal lobe being more laterally expanded than the right side. Like the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe is also anteroposteriorly flattened. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.972	Download 3D data

This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: Carolina A. Hoffmann, P. G. Rodrigues, M. B. Soares & M. B. Andrade. 2021. Brain endocast of two non-mammaliaform cynodonts from southern Brazil: an ontogenetic and evolutionary approach, Historical Biology, 33:8, 1196-1207, https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2019.1685512 

Probelesodon kitchingi MCP 1600 PV View specimen

M3#978_MCP 1600 PV 3D model of the brain endocast of Probelesodon kitchingi. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.978

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Massetognathus ochagaviae MCP 3871 PV View specimen

M3#979_MCP 3871 PV 3D model of the brain endocast of Massetognathus ochagaviae. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.979

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The present 3D dataset contains the 3D models of the holotype of Proterochampsa nodosa that were built and analysed in “Redescription, taxonomic revaluation, and phylogenetic affinities of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae), early Late Triassic of Candelaria Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence)”. 

Proterochampsa nodosa MCP 1694-PV View specimen

M3#974_MCP 1694-PV 3D models of Proterochampsa nodosa. Model 1: skull. Model 2: mandible. Model 3: left mandibular ramus. Type: "3D_surfaces" 3D view: doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.974

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