The present 3D Dataset contains a selection of 3D models analyzed in Billet G, Hautier L, Gaudin TJ, Flynn JJ, Ruf I, Carrillo JD, Ladevèze S, Lehmann T, Nicolas V, Orliac MJ, Tornero C, Wible JR, Wong N, Gaubert P. Submitted. Brain drain: Exceptional pattern of calvarial venation in pangolins and its phylogenetic significance for Ferae. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 

Phataginus tricuspis NHM-UK 48.13.26 View specimen

M3#1847 cranium & intradiploic canals (sinuses & diploic veins) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1847   state:in_press

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Manis javanica NHM-UK 9.1.5.858 View specimen

M3#1848 cranium & intradiploic canals (sinuses & diploic veins) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1848   state:in_press

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Felis silvestris UM-ZOOL-149N View specimen

M3#1849 cranium & intradiploic canals (sinuses & diploic veins) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1849   state:in_press

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Erinaceus europaeus SMNS40759 View specimen

M3#1850 cranium & intradiploic canals (sinuses & diploic veins) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1850   state:in_press

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Pterodon dasyuroides MNHN.F.Qu8301 View specimen

M3#1851 cranium & intradiploic canals (sinuses & diploic veins) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1851   state:in_press

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This contribution contains the 3D models of the paratympanic sinus system, the endocast and the neurovascular bony canal of the maxilla, premaxilla and the jugal of Leidyosuchus canadensis and Stangerochampsa mccabei described and figured in the following publication: G. Donzé, G. Perrichon, P. Vincent, JE. Martin, 2026. Comparative endocranial traits in the crocodylians Leidyosuchus canadensis and Stangerochampsa mccabei from the upper Cretaceous of Alberta, Canada. Journal of Anatomy. 

Leidyosuchus canadensis TMP1986.221.1 View specimen

M3#1830 Skull, endocast, paratympanic sinuses, jugal and maxillary neurovascular canals, alveoli Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1830   state:in_press

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Stangerochampsa mccabei TMP1986.61.1 View specimen

M3#1831 Skull, endocast, paratympanic sinuses, jugal and maxillary neurovascular canals, alveoli Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1831   state:in_press

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Alligator mississipiensis OUVC 9761 View specimen

M3#1833 Skull, endocast, paratympanic sinuses, jugal and maxillary neurovascular canals, alveolies Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1833   state:in_press

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Alligator sinensis NHMW-Zoo-HS-37966 View specimen

M3#1835 Skull, endocast, paratympanic sinus, jugal and maxillary neurovascular canals, alveoli Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1835   state:in_press

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Crocodylus niloticus MHNL 50001399 View specimen

M3#1834 Skull, endocast, paratympanic sinuses, jugal and maxillary neurovascular canals, alveolies Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1834   state:in_press

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Diplocynodon ratelii LA86 View specimen

M3#1832 Skull, endocast, paratympanic sinus, jugal and maxillary neurovascular canals, alveolies Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1832   state:in_press

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in: Phylogenetic signal in anteater snout morphology: implications for interpreting rare vermilinguan fossils. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 

Indet indet VPPLT 977 View specimen

M3#1793 3D surface models of the cranium, nasal bone and cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1793   state:in_press

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Cyclopes didactylus M 1525 View specimen

M3#1794 3D models of the cranium and internal cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1794   state:in_press

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Cyclopes didactylus M 1571 View specimen

M3#1795 3D surface models of the cranium, nasal bone and cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1795   state:in_press

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla M 3023 View specimen

M3#1796 3D surface models of the cranium, nasal bone and cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1796   state:in_press

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Tamandua tetradactyla NHMUK 3.7.7.135 View specimen

M3#1797 3D models of the cranium and internal cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1797   state:in_press

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Tamandua tetradactyla NHMUK 4.7.4.90 View specimen

M3#1798 3D surface models of the cranium, nasal bone and cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1798   state:in_press

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Tamandua tetradactyla UM 788N View specimen

M3#1799 3D models of the cranium and internal cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1799   state:in_press

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Cyclopes didactylus MVZ 121210 View specimen

M3#1800 3D models of the cranium and internal cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1800   state:in_press

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla MVZ 112943 View specimen

M3#1801 3D models of the cranium and internal cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1801   state:in_press

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Myrmecophaga tridactyla MVZ 185238 View specimen

M3#1802 3D models of the cranium and internal cranial canals Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1802   state:in_press

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Turtles are one of the most impressive vertebrates. Much of the body is either hidden in a shell or can be drawn into it. Turtles impress with their individual longevity and their often peaceful disposition. Also, with their resilience, they have survived all extinction events since their emergence in the Late Triassic. Today's diversity of shapes is impressive and ranges from the large and high domed Galapagos turtles to the hamster-sized flat pancake turtles. The holotype of one of the oldest fossil turtles, Proganochelys quenstedtii, is housed in the paleontological collection in Tübingen/Germany. Since its discovery some years before 1873, P. quenstedtii has represented the 'prototype' of the turtle and has had an eventful scientific history. It was found in Neuenhaus (Häfner-Neuhausen in Schönbuch forest), Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and stems from Löwenstein-Formation (Weißer Keupersandstein), Late Triassic. The current catalogue number is GPIT-PV-30000. The specimen is listed in the historical inventory “Tübinger Petrefaktenverzeichnis 1841 bis 1896, [folio 326v.]“, as “[catalogue number: PV]16549, Schildkröte Weiser Keupersandstein Hafnerhausen” [turtle from White Keuper Sandstone]. Another, more recent synonym is “GPIT/RE/9396”. The same specimen was presented as uncatalogued by Gaffney (1990). Here we provide a surface scan of the steinkern for easier access of this famous specimen to the scientific community.
  

Proganochelys quenstedtii GPIT-PV-30000 View specimen

M3#967 This the surface model of the steinkern of the shell of Proganochelys quenstedtii. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.967   state:published

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This contribution presents the three-dimensional digital models (i.e., skull, endocast, and inner ear) of a uniquely well-preserved and nearly complete skull (MCL 4228) attributed to the Late Pleistocene giant mylodontid ground sloth Ocnotherium giganteum, discovered in the Toca dos Ossos cave (Bahia State, Brazil). This specimen was described and figured in the following publication: Pujos et al. 2026: The neotropical giant ground sloth Ocnotherium giganteum (Xenarthra, Mylodontinae) from the Late Pleistocene of Brazil: anatomy, paleoneurology, and phylogenetic relationships. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlag008 

Ocnotherium giganteum MCL 4228 View specimen

M3#1870 skull, endocast, inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1870   state:in_press

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This contribution contains 3D models of mandibles of Cypriot mice (Mus cypriacus) and house mice (Mus musculus domesticus) from the island of Cyprus. The niche partitioning of the two species was investigated using isotopic ecology, geometric morphometrics and biomechanics. Both species displayed generalist feeding behavior, modulated by fine-tuned adaptation to their feeding habits. The house mouse mandible, with a relatively large masseter area and an optimization for incisor biting, appears as an all-rounder tool for foraging on diverse non-natural items.
These models are analyzed in the following publication: Renaud et al 2024, “Trophic differentiation between the endemic Cypriot mouse and the house mouse: a study coupling stable isotopes and morphometrics”, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10914-024-09740-5
  

Mus cypriacus Cypriacus_5GE View specimen

M3#1584 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1584   state:published

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Mus cypriacus Cypriacus_BET2 View specimen

M3#1585 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1585   state:published

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Mus cypriacus Cypriacus_FON1 View specimen

M3#1586 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1586   state:published

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Mus cypriacus Cypriacus_FON2 View specimen

M3#1587 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1587   state:published

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Mus cypriacus Cypriacus_KOU1 View specimen

M3#1588 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1588   state:published

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Mus musculus Cyprus_dom_KOF1 View specimen

M3#1589 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1589   state:published

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Mus musculus Cyprus_dom_LEF1 View specimen

M3#1590 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1590   state:published

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Mus musculus Cyprus_dom_MEN1 View specimen

M3#1591 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1591   state:published

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Mus musculus Cyprus_dom_TSE2 View specimen

M3#1592 3D model of the mirrored left mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1592   state:published

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Mus musculus Cyprus_dom_XYL5 View specimen

M3#1593 3D model of the right mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1593   state:published

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In this contribution a third new species of the rare genus Burmesescorpiops Lourenço, 2016 is described. The discovery of this new element belonging to the family Palaeoeuscorpiidae Lourenço, 2003 and to the subfamily Archaeoscorpiopinae Lourenço, 2015 brings further elements to support the validity of the genus Burmesescorpiops. This generic group remains however, poorly speciose. This is the latest discovery of Burmesescorpiops wunpawng, the name is derived from the Kachin Hilltribe peoples who are indigenous to the area. The data provided here is a 3D surface. 

Burmesescorpiops wunpawng ps-gyi-01-25 View specimen

M3#1846 3d Surface Volume Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1846   state:published

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Veterinary education often relies on cadaveric specimens, but there is increasing demand for alternatives due to limited resources and ethical considerations. To address this, we developed a 3D printed ‘explodable’ model of a dog cranium with detachable, magnetized cranial components      for teaching anatomy to students. This model was generated from a computed tomographic scan of a juvenile dog cranium for which cranial sutures were still partially open and segmented such that major cranial bones were isolated. All bones are printed at actual size and retain openings for cranial nerves and major vessels. This interactive model enhances anatomical education by supplying a hands-on tool that can be used either in the classroom setting or for independent learning and can be incorporated at the high school, college, or veterinary school level. It is currently being integrated into the first-year anatomy foundation course at Cornell University’s College of Veterinary Medicine. The model can be printed using any hobbyist or specialist 3D printer and we outline assembly instructions on how to attach magnets at prefabricated attachment points.      Using both digital and 3D printed resources, we hope to help to address current shortages of anatomical resources and      also      inspire future generations of practicing veterinarians by making anatomy more accessible and engaging.
  

Canis lupus familiaris CUHL 9 View specimen

	M3#1858 PLYs of the segmented cranial bones with pre-fabricated magnetic casings and shelves for assembly following 3D printing Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1858   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1859 PLYs of the segmented cranial bones of the "BOTTOM" cranial component. Downloadable for additional learning opportunities for students Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1859   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Bonis et al. 2023. A new large pantherine and a sabre-toothed cat (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) from the late Miocene hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand. The Science of Nature 110(5):42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-023-01867-4
  

Pachypanthera piriyai CUF-KR-1 View specimen

M3#1209 Holotype of Pachypanthera piriyai, a left hemi-mandible with alveoli for i1-i3 and canine, roots of p3, p4 and partially broken off m1 crown. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1209   state:published

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Pachypanthera piriyai CUF-KR-2 View specimen

M3#1210 Paratype of Pachypanthera piriyai, a right hemi-maxilla with P3-P4, alveoli of C and M1, root of P2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1210   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Hautier L, Gomes Rodrigues H, Ferreira-Cardoso S, Emerling CA, Porcher M-L, Asher R, Portela Miguez R, Delsuc F. 2023. From teeth to pad: tooth loss and development of keratinous structures in sirenians. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.1932 

Dugong dugon 2005.51 View specimen

M3#1275 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1275   state:published

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Dugong dugon 2023.66 View specimen

M3#1274 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1274   state:published

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Dugong dugon 5386 View specimen

M3#1276 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1276   state:published

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Dugong dugon 1848.8.29.7/GERM 1027g View specimen

M3#1277 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1277   state:published

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Dugong dugon 1991.413 View specimen

M3#1278 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1278   state:published

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Dugong dugon 1991.427 View specimen

M3#1279 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1279   state:published

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Dugong dugon 2017-3-9 View specimen

M3#1280 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1280   state:published

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Eosiren lybica 1913-22 View specimen

M3#1281 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1281   state:published

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Halitherium taulannense RGHP C001 View specimen

M3#1282 Internal mandibular morphology. Cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1282   state:published

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Halitherium taulannense RGHP C009 View specimen

M3#1283 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1283   state:published

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Hydrodamalis gigas 1947.10.21.1 View specimen

M3#1284 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1284   state:published

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Hydrodamalis gigas C1021 View specimen

	M3#1285 Anterior part of the mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1285   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1286 Posterior part of the mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1286   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Hydrodamalis gigas 2023.67 View specimen

M3#1287 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1287   state:published

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Libysiren sickenbergi M.82429 View specimen

M3#1288 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1288   state:published

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Libysiren sickenbergi M.45675 View specimen

M3#1289 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1289   state:published

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Prorastomus sirenoides OR.448976 View specimen

	M3#1290 Internal morphology of the left mandible. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1290   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1304 Internal morphology of the right mandible. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1304   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Ribodon limbatus M.7073 View specimen

M3#1292 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1292   state:published

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Rytiodus capgrandi PAL2017-8-1 View specimen

M3#1293 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1293   state:published

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Trichechus inunguis 1868.12.19.2 View specimen

M3#1294 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1294   state:published

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Trichechus manatus 1843.3.10.12 View specimen

M3#1295 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1295   state:published

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Trichechus manatus 1864.6.5.1 View specimen

M3#1296 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1296   state:published

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Trichechus manatus 1950.1.23.1 View specimen

M3#1297 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1297   state:published

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Trichechus senegalensis 1885.6.30.2 View specimen

M3#1298 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1298   state:published

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Trichechus senegalensis 1894.7.25.8 View specimen

M3#1299 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1299   state:published

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Trichechus senegalensis V97 View specimen

M3#1302 Mandibular internal morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1302   state:published

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Trichechus sp. 65.4.28.9 View specimen

M3#1300 Internal mandibular morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth; green = tooth alveoli. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1300   state:published

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Dugong dugon 1946.8.6.2 View specimen

M3#1301 Mandibular internal morphology. Orange = dorsal canaliculi; purple = mental branches; cyan = mandibular canal; dark blue = teeth. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1301   state:published

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Macroevolution is integral to understanding the patterns of the diversification of life. As the life sciences increasingly use big data approaches, large multivariate datasets are required to test fundamental macroevolutionary hypotheses. In vertebrate evolution, large datasets have been created to quantify morphological variation, largely focusing on particular areas of the skeleton. We provide a landmarking protocol to quantify morphological variation in skeletal elements across the head, trunk, hindlimb and forelimb using 3-dimensional landmarks and semilandmarks, and present a large pan-skeletal database of bird morphology for 149 taxa across avian phylogeny using CT scan data. This large collection of 3D models and geometric morphometric data is open access and can be used in the future for new research, teaching and outreach. The 3D models and CT scans of the 149 specimens related to this project can be downloaded at MorphoSource (https://www.morphosource.org/projects/00000C420) 

Menura novaehollandiae FMNH 336751 View specimen

	M3#561 3D model of the left carpometacarpus of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandia (displayed as a mirror image in the 3DHOP viewer). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.561   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#562 3D model of the mandible of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.562   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#563 3D model of the right coracoid of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.563   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#564 3D model of the right scapula of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.564   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#565 3D model of the right tarsometatarsus of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.565   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#566 3D model of the sternum of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.566   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#567 3D model of the left femur of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae (displayed as a mirror image in the 3DHOP viewer). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.567   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#568 3D model of the skull of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.568   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#569 3D model of the left humerus of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae (displayed as a mirror image in the 3DHOP viewer). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.569   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#570 3D model of the synsacrum of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.570   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#571 3D model of the left radius of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae (displayed as a mirror image in the 3DHOP viewer). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.571   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#572 3D model of the left tibiotarsus of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae (displayed as a mirror image in the 3DHOP viewer). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.572   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#573 3D model of the left ulna of the superb lyrebird, Menura novaehollandiae (displayed as a mirror image in the 3DHOP viewer). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.573   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Considerable morphological variations are found in the middle ear among mammals. Here I present a three-dimensional atlas of the middle ear ossicles of eulipotyphlan mammals. This group has radiated into various environments as terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats independently in multiple lineages. Therefore, eulipotyphlans are an ideal group to explore the form-function relationship of the middle ear ossicles. This comparative atlas of hedgehogs, true shrews, water shrews, mole shrews, true moles, and shrew moles encourages future studies of the middle ear morphology of this diverse group.
  

Erinaceus europaeus DK2331 View specimen

M3#151 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.151   state:published

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Anourosorex yamashinai SIK_yamashinai View specimen

M3#152 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.152   state:published

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Blarina brevicauda M8003 View specimen

M3#153 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.153   state:published

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Chimarrogale platycephala DK5481 View specimen

M3#162 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.162   state:published

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Suncus murinus DK1227 View specimen

M3#155 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.155   state:published

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Condylura cristata SIK0050 View specimen

M3#156 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.156   state:published

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Euroscaptor klossi SIK0673 View specimen

M3#163 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.163   state:published

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Euroscaptor malayana SIK_malayana View specimen

M3#164 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.164   state:published

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Mogera wogura DK2551 View specimen

M3#159 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.159   state:published

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Talpa altaica SIK_altaica View specimen

M3#161 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.161   state:published

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Urotrichus talpoides DK0887 View specimen

M3#165 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.165   state:published

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Oreoscaptor mizura DK6545 View specimen

M3#166 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.166   state:published

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Scalopus aquaticus SIK_aquaticus View specimen

M3#167 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.167   state:published

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Scapanus orarius SIK_orarius View specimen

M3#168 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.168   state:published

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Neurotrichus gibbsii SIK_gibbsii View specimen

M3#169 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.169   state:published

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The democratization of 3D techniques in recent years provides exciting new opportunities for the study of complex fossils. In the present contribution, we provide a virtual reconstruction of a partial, disarticulated metriorhynchid (Metriorhynchidae, Thalattosuchia, Crocodylomorpha) skull from the Late Jurassic of northwestern Switzerland. This virtual reconstruction was used to produce high quality scientific illustrations of the whole skull for descriptive purposes. The reconstructed skull also served for the estimation of the total body length of the specimen and to propose a life reconstruction of the animal in its paleoenvironment. In an effort for transparency, we review the sources that were consulted for the life reconstruction and explain the choices that we had to make. 

Torvoneustes jurensis BSY008-465 View specimen

	M3#1037 Left dentary (3 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1037   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1038 Right dentary (3 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1038   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1039 Left ramus (2 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1039   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1040 Right ramus (3 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1040   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1041 Left splenial (2 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1041   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1042 Right splenial (2 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1042   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1043 Frontal and left prefrontal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1043   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1044 Left maxilla (4 meshes) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1044   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1045 Right maxilla Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1045   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1046 Left nasal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1046   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1047 Right nasal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1047   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1048 Parietal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1048   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1049 Right postorbital Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1049   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1050 Right prefrontal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1050   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1051 Right premaxilla Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1051   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1052 Left squamosal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1052   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1053 Right squamosal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1053   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1054 Reconstruction of the mandible Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1054   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1055 Reconstruction of the cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1055   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the two papionine remains found near Gabes and analyzed in Ksila et al. 2026  “A continental Messinian vertebrate fauna from the Ouedhref area, Southeast Tunisia.” 

Macaca sp. UTM-O-Sa60 View specimen

M3#1872 Right m1 or m2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1872   state:in_press

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Macaca sp. UTM-O-Br6 View specimen

M3#1871 Left upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1871   state:in_press

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The present 3D Dataset contains the models analyzed in the publication: Menéndez L, Rios C, Acosta Morano C, Novellino P, Schmelzle T, Aguirre-Fernández G, Breidenstein A, Barquera R, Schuenemann VJ, Stafford TW, Sánchez-Villagra M, Barbieri C. (2025). A human skeleton from Última Esperanza, South-West Patagonia, Chile: Osteobiography, morphometric, and genetic analysis. The models include the skull, femur, and the segmented left and right inner ears of a late Holocene human skeleton from southern Patagonia. In the associated paper, we present the radiocarbon dating, an osteobiography profile evaluating some aspects of the life history of this individual, as well as genetic and morphometric analysis assessing biological relatedness to other individuals and populations.
  

Homo sapiens PIMUZ A/V 4612 View specimen

	M3#1650 Homo sapiens skull Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1650   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1652 Homo sapiens left inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1652   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1653 Homo sapiens right inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1653   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Homo sapiens PIMUZ A/V 4613 View specimen

M3#1651 Homo sapiens femur Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1651   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication Fossils from the Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (305 Ma) shed light on the anatomy, ecology and phylogeny of Carboniferous millipedes. Authors: Lheritier Mickael, Perroux Maëva, Vannier Jean, Escarguel Gilles, Wesener Thomas, Moritz Leif, Chabard Dominique, Adrien Jerome and Perrier Vincent. Journal of Systematics Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2169891 

Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.2134 View specimen

M3#1073 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1073   state:published

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Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.14983 View specimen

M3#1074 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1074   state:published

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Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.2129 View specimen

M3#1075 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1075   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.2114A View specimen

M3#1076 Front part. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1076   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.5148 View specimen

M3#1077 Front part. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1077   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.2113 View specimen

M3#1078 Fragment with legs, sternites and possible tracheal openings. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1078   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.81522 View specimen

M3#1079 Nealry complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1079   state:published

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The present 3D dataset contains 15 specimens selected from the 69 3D models analyzed in the paper “3D topography as an indicator of change in food processing ability in the conodont genus Palmatolepis elements”. 3D topographic analysis of Palmatolepis P1 conodont elements from the Late Devonian period revealed an increase in blade sharpness together with a reduction in platform size. This indicates morphofunctional adaptation to more efficient prey processing. 

Palmatolepis manticolepis UM CTB 144 View specimen

M3#1814 Palmatolepis Manticolepis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1814   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis manticolepis UM CTB 151 View specimen

M3#1815 Palmatolepis Manticolepis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1815   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis manticolepis UM CTB 078 View specimen

M3#1816 Palmatolepis Manticolepis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1816   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis rhomboidea UM CTB 172 View specimen

M3#1817 Palmatolepis rhomboidea Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1817   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis glabra UM CTB 080 View specimen

M3#1818 Palmatolepis glabra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1818   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis glabra UM CTB 177 View specimen

M3#1819 Palmatolepis glabra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1819   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis glabra UM CTB 178 View specimen

M3#1820 Palmatolepis glabra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1820   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis glabra UM CTB 179 View specimen

M3#1821 Palmatolepis glabra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1821   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis gracilis UM CTB 186 View specimen

M3#1822 Palmatolepis gracilis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1822   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis perlobata UM CTB 187 View specimen

M3#1823 Palmatolepis perlobata Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1823   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis perlobata UM CTB 189 View specimen

M3#1824 Palmatolepis perlobata Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1824   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis gracilis UM CTB 190 View specimen

M3#1825 Palmatolepis gracilis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1825   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis perlobata UM CTB 191 View specimen

M3#1826 Palmatolepis perlobata Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1826   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis gracilis UM CTB 197 View specimen

M3#1827 Palmatolepis gracilis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1827   state:in_press

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Palmatolepis gracilis UM CTB 200 View specimen

M3#1828 Palmatolepis gracilis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1828   state:in_press

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The present 3D Dataset contains sixteen 3D models of unornamented Polygnathus illustrating allometric variation and bilateral asymmetry within four “Operational Taxonomic Units” analyzed in the publication: Convergent allometric trajectories in Devonian-Carboniferous unornamented Polygnathus conodonts. 

Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-010 View specimen

M3#1611 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1611   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-011 View specimen

M3#1612 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1612   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-012 View specimen

M3#1613 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1613   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-013 View specimen

M3#1614 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1614   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-014 View specimen

M3#1615 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1615   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-015 View specimen

M3#1616 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1616   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-016 View specimen

M3#1617 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1617   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-017 View specimen

M3#1618 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1618   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-018 View specimen

M3#1619 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1619   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-019 View specimen

M3#1620 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1620   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-020 View specimen

M3#1621 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1621   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-021 View specimen

M3#1622 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1622   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-022 View specimen

M3#1623 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1623   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-023 View specimen

M3#1624 Sinistral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1624   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-024 View specimen

M3#1625 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1625   state:published

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Polygnathus sp. UM-PSQ-025 View specimen

M3#1626 Dextral P1 element Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1626   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Mennecart, B., Duranthon, F., & Costeur, L. 2024. Systematic contribution of the auditory region to the knowledge of the oldest European Bovidae (Mammalia, Ruminantia). Journal of Anatomy XXX. https://doi.org/10.1111/joa.14132 

Pusillutragus montrealensis MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2261.4 View specimen

M3#1522 Right petrosal, bony labyrinth, stapes Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1522   state:published

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Pusillutragus montrealensis MHNT.PAL.2015.0.2261.9 View specimen

M3#1523 Left petrosal and left bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1523   state:published

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Eotragus artenensis SMNS-P-41625 View specimen

M3#1524 Petrosal (right), bony labyrinth (left) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1524   state:published

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Eotragus clavatus NMB San.15056 View specimen

M3#1528 Right petrosal and right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1528   state:published

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Eotragus clavatus NMB San.15055 View specimen

M3#1526 Left Petrosal Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1526   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the publication entitled "The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe" by Orliac, Araújo, and Lihoreau published in Journal of Morphology (Orliac et al. 2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20702.
  

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1079 View specimen

	M3#138 right bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.138   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#139 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.139   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1080 View specimen

	M3#140 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.140   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#141 left isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.141   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1081 View specimen

	M3#142 right bony labyrinth and associated nerves and veins of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.142   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#143 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.143   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1083 View specimen

	M3#144 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.144   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#145 left petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.145   state:published	Download 3D surface file