The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal, A., Ezcurra, M., Novas, F., 2019. New information on the braincase and endocranial morphology of the Late Triassic neotheropod Zupaysaurus rougieri using Computed Tomography data. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1630421
  

Zupaysaurus rougieri PULR 076 View specimen

M3#424 The Zip contains 3 files, which correspond to: PULR_076-M1: Zupaysaurus rougieri skull, braincase and cranial endocast PULR_076-M2: Zupaysaurus rougieri braincase PULR_076-M1: Zupaysaurus rougieri brain and inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.424   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a left dentary with m1-m3 analyzed in “A new fossil of Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Certartiodactyla) from the Pleistocene of northern Brazil”. The 3D model was generated using a laser scanning. 

cf. Pecari tajacu UFSM 11606 View specimen

M3#498 Left dentary with m1-m3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.498   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the brain endocast of Neoepiblema acreensis analyzed in “Small within the largest: Brain size and anatomy of the extinct Neoepiblema acreensis, a giant rodent from the Neotropics”. The 3D model was generated using CT-Scanning and techniques of virtual reconstruction.
  

Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 4515 View specimen

M3#502 Brain endocast of Neoepiblema acreensis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.502   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D surface model of the holotype cranium of the Late Jurassic thalassochelydian turtle Solnhofia brachyrhyncha described and figured in the publication of Anquetin and Püntener (2020). 

Solnhofia brachyrhyncha MJSN BAN001-2.1 View specimen

M3#536 Textured 3D surface model of the holotype cranium of the Late Jurassic turtle Solnhofia brachyrhyncha Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.536   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a skull analyzed in “A Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Middle-Late Holocene landscapes of the Brazilian Northeast (Bahia): submerged cave deposits and stable isotopes”. The 3D model was generated by photogrammetry. 

Puma concolor MN 57461 View specimen

M3#843 Cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.843   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains 3D models of the cranial, visceral, and pectoral endoskeleton of Iniopera, an iniopterygian stem-group holocephalan from the Pennsylvanian of the USA. These data formed the basis for the analyses carried out in Dearden et al. (2023) “Evidence for high-performance suction feeding in the Pennsylvanian stem-group holocephalan Iniopera” PNAS. 

Iniopera sp. KUNHM 22060, 158289 View specimen

M3#1034 plys of the head endoskeleton of Iniopera sp. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1034   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of an ilium, a vertebra, and a partial scapula of Prestosuchus sp. that were analyzed in “New Loricata remains from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence (Middle-Upper Triassic), southern Brazil”. 

Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11603 View specimen

M3#1080 Surface scan of a right ilium of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1080   state:published

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11233 View specimen

M3#1081 Surface scan of a partial right scapula of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1081   state:published

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11602a View specimen

M3#1082 Surface scan of a anterior dorsal vertebra of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.2 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1082   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of a skull and lower jaw of the holotype of Santagnathus mariensis, described in “Old fossil findings in the Upper Triassic rocks of southern Brazil improve diversity of traversodontid cynodonts (Therapsida, Cynodontia)” 

Santagnathus mariensis UFRGS-PV-1419-T View specimen

	M3#1157 Skull Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1157   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1158 Lower jaw Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1158   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Bonis et al. 2023. A new large pantherine and a sabre-toothed cat (Mammalia, Carnivora, Felidae) from the late Miocene hominoid-bearing Khorat sand pits, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, northeastern Thailand. The Science of Nature 110(5):42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-023-01867-4
  

Pachypanthera piriyai CUF-KR-1 View specimen

M3#1209 Holotype of Pachypanthera piriyai, a left hemi-mandible with alveoli for i1-i3 and canine, roots of p3, p4 and partially broken off m1 crown. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1209   state:published

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Pachypanthera piriyai CUF-KR-2 View specimen

M3#1210 Paratype of Pachypanthera piriyai, a right hemi-maxilla with P3-P4, alveoli of C and M1, root of P2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1210   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the skull of the raoellid Indohyus indirae described in Patel et al. 2024.
  

Indohyus indirae RR 207 View specimen

M3#1259 dorsoventrally crushed skull Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1259   state:published

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Indohyus indirae RR 601 View specimen

M3#1268 dorsoventrally crushed skull Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1268   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains 3D models of the cranium surface and of the bony labyrinth endocast of the stem bat Vielasia sigei. They are used by (Hand et al., 2023) to explore the phylogenetic position of this species, to infer its laryngeal echolocating capabilities, and to eventually discuss chiropteran evolution before the crown clade diversification. 

Vielasia sigei UM VIE-250 View specimen

	M3#1269 External surface of the cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1269   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1270 Virtual endocast of the right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1270   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in The largest freshwater odontocete: a South Asian river dolphin relative from the Proto-Amazonia. 

Pebanista yacuruna MUSM 4017 View specimen

M3#1394 Holotype skull of Pebanista yacuruna MUSM 4017 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1394   state:published

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The present 3D dataset contains 3D models of new material from the middle Eocene of the Upper Subathu Formation in the Kalakot area (India), documenting the anterior dentition of the raoellid Indohyus indirae. Raoellidae are closely related to stem cetaceans and bring crucial information to understand the earliest phase of land to water transition in Cetacea. 

Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/31 View specimen

M3#1505 Right i1 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1505   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/32 View specimen

M3#1506 Right i1 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1506   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/16 View specimen

M3#1507 Left I3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1507   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/23 View specimen

M3#1508 Left I2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1508   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/25 View specimen

M3#1509 Left I1 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1509   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/26 View specimen

M3#1510 Right I3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1510   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/57 View specimen

M3#1511 Left I1 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1511   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/61 View specimen

M3#1512 Right upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1512   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/63 View specimen

M3#1513 Left upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1513   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/74 View specimen

M3#1514 Left upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1514   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/439 View specimen

M3#1515 Left upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1515   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/457 View specimen

M3#1516 Left upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1516   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/846 View specimen

M3#1517 Left upper canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1517   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/822 View specimen

M3#1518 Right fragmentary maxillary with decidual canine and I3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1518   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/824 View specimen

M3#1519 Right fragmentary mandible with lower canine and small part of the i3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1519   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/838 View specimen

M3#1520 Right fragmentary mandible with permanent i2, i3 and canine and small part of the root of the decidual i3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1520   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/842 View specimen

M3#1521 Left fragmentary mandible with decidual and permanent canine Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1521   state:published

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Indohyus indirae GU/RJ/26,32,56,57,457,822,838,842 : Composite Anterior dentition View specimen

M3#1529 3D composite reconstruction of the anterior dentition of Indohyus indirae with GU/RJ/57 (I1), 56 (I2), 26 (I3), 457 (Upper canine), 822 (P1), 32 (i1), 838 (i2, i3 and lower canine) and 842 (p1) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1529   state:published

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The 3D dataset presented in this article provides the 3D models of two Chelonioidea turtles dentaries from the Paleocene of France described in: Lapparent de Broin F. de, Marek H., Barrier P. & Gagnaison C. 2025. — Euclastidae n. fam. (Chelonioidea) et première mention d’Euclastes Cope, 1867 dans le Paléocène du bassin de Paris (France). Geodiversitas 47 (10): 409-464. https://doi.org/10.5252/geodiversitas2025v47a10. 

Euclastes wielandi ULB-04A21-10 View specimen

M3#1791 Euclastes wielandi Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1791   state:published

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Euclastes wielandi MNHN.F.BPT52 View specimen

M3#1709 Euclastes wielandi (cast) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1709   state:published

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Euclastes wielandi ULB-04A21-11 View specimen

M3#1792 Euclastes montenati nov. sp. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1792   state:published

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Euclastes wielandi MNHN.F.BPT53 View specimen

M3#1711 Euclastes montenati (cast) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1711   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in Wazir, W. A., Sehgal, R. K., Čerňanský, A., Patnaik, R., Kumar, N., Singh, A. P. and Singh, N. P. 2022. A find from the Ladakh Himalaya reveals a survival of madtsoiid snakes (Serpentes, Madtsoiidae) in India through the late Oligocene. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 41(6), e2058401. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2021.2058401
  

indet. indet. WIMF/A 4816 View specimen

M3#1754 Vertebra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1754   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in: Toyoda S et al., 2015, Morphogenesis of the inner ear at different stages of normal human development. The Anatomical Record. doi : 10.1002/ar.23268 

Homo sapiens KC-CS17IER29248 View specimen

M3#36 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS17IER29248) at Carnegie Stage 17 (Crown Rump Length= 7mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf36   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS18IER17746 View specimen

M3#37 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS18IER17746) at Carnegie Stage 18 (Crown Rump Length= 12mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf37   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS19IER16127 View specimen

M3#38 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS19IER16127) at Carnegie Stage 19 (Crown Rump Length= 13mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf38   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS20IER20268 View specimen

M3#39 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS20IER20268) at Carnegie Stage 20 (Crown Rump Length= 13.7mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf39   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS21IER28066 View specimen

M3#40 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS21IER28066) at Carnegie Stage 21 (Crown Rump Length= 16.7mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf40   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS22IER35233 View specimen

M3#41 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS22IER35233) at Carnegie Stage 22 (Crown Rump Length= 22mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf41   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS23IER15919 View specimen

M3#42 Computationally reconstructed membranous labyrinth of a human embryo (KC-CS23IER15919) at Carnegie Stage 23 (Crown Rump Length= 32.3mm). Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf42   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-FIER52730 View specimen

M3#43 Computationally reconstructed human membranous labyrinth in post embryonic phase (KC-FIER52730). Crown Rump Length: 43.5mm. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf43   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in: Hirose, A., Nakashima, T., Yamada, S., Uwabe, C., Kose, K., Takakuwa, T. 2012. Embryonic liver morphology and morphometry by magnetic resonance microscopic imaging.  Anat Rec (Hoboken) 295, 51-59. doi: 10.1002/ar.21496 

Homo sapiens KC-CS14LIV1387 View specimen

M3#64 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 14 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.64   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS15LIV5074 View specimen

M3#65 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 15 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.65   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS16LIV2578 View specimen

M3#66 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 16 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.66   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS17LIV17832 View specimen

M3#67 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 17 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.67   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS18LIV21124 View specimen

M3#68 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 18 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.68   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS19LIV14353 View specimen

M3#69 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 19 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.69   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS20LIV20701 View specimen

M3#70 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 20 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.70   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS21LIV25858 View specimen

M3#71 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 21 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.71   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS22LIV22226 View specimen

M3#72 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 22 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.72   state:published

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Homo sapiens KC-CS23LIV25704 View specimen

M3#73 Human liver at Carnegie Stage (CS) 23 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.73   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Neogene sloth assemblages (Mammalia, Pilosa) of the Cocinetas Basin (La Guajira, Colombia): implications for the Great American Biotic Interchange. Palaeontology. doi: 10.1111/pala.12244
  

cf. Nothrotherium indet. MUN STRI 12924 View specimen

M3#106 Fragmentary basicranium with posterior portion of the skull roof. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.106   state:published

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indet. indet. MUN STRI 16535 View specimen

M3#107 Complete left ulna of a Scelidotheriinae gen. et sp. indet. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.107   state:published

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The present publication contains the µCT dataset and the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Mautner, A.-K., A. E. Latimer, U. Fritz, and T. M. Scheyer. An updated description of the osteology of the pancake tortoise Malacochersus tornieri (Testudines: Testudinidae) with special focus on intraspecific variation. Journal of Morphology. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20640 

Malacochersus tornieri ZM 100.102 View specimen

	M3#129 Virtual brain and inner ear endocast of Malacochersus tornieri (ZM 100.102; Zoological Museum of The University of Zurich). This virtual model is accompanied by the 3D dataset. Blue, endocranium; red, blood vessels; purple, semicircular canals; yellow, cranial nerves. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.129   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#130 3D dataset of skull of Malacochersus tornieri (ZM 100.102) Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.130   state:published	Download CT data

Considerable morphological variations are found in the middle ear among mammals. Here I present a three-dimensional atlas of the middle ear ossicles of eulipotyphlan mammals. This group has radiated into various environments as terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats independently in multiple lineages. Therefore, eulipotyphlans are an ideal group to explore the form-function relationship of the middle ear ossicles. This comparative atlas of hedgehogs, true shrews, water shrews, mole shrews, true moles, and shrew moles encourages future studies of the middle ear morphology of this diverse group.
  

Erinaceus europaeus DK2331 View specimen

M3#151 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.151   state:published

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Anourosorex yamashinai SIK_yamashinai View specimen

M3#152 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.152   state:published

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Blarina brevicauda M8003 View specimen

M3#153 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.153   state:published

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Chimarrogale platycephala DK5481 View specimen

M3#162 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.162   state:published

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Suncus murinus DK1227 View specimen

M3#155 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.155   state:published

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Condylura cristata SIK0050 View specimen

M3#156 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.156   state:published

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Euroscaptor klossi SIK0673 View specimen

M3#163 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.163   state:published

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Euroscaptor malayana SIK_malayana View specimen

M3#164 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.164   state:published

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Mogera wogura DK2551 View specimen

M3#159 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.159   state:published

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Talpa altaica SIK_altaica View specimen

M3#161 Right middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.161   state:published

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Urotrichus talpoides DK0887 View specimen

M3#165 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.165   state:published

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Oreoscaptor mizura DK6545 View specimen

M3#166 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.166   state:published

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Scalopus aquaticus SIK_aquaticus View specimen

M3#167 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.167   state:published

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Scapanus orarius SIK_orarius View specimen

M3#168 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.168   state:published

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Neurotrichus gibbsii SIK_gibbsii View specimen

M3#169 Left middle ear ossicles Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.169   state:published

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