Current issue


2026-06
Volume 12, issue 02
<< prev. next >>
ISSN: 2274-0422

Article Management

You must log in to submit or manage articles.

You do not have an account yet ? Sign up.

Most downloaded articles (last month)


Page 9 of 11, showing 20 record(s) out of 213 total

3D models related to the publication: Interacting with the inaccessible: utilization of multimedia-based visual contents of Japan’s National Monument, the Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis (Mosasauridae) holotype for educational workshops at Mikasa City Museum
Kumiko Matsui Logo and Tomoki Karasawa
Published online: 18/10/2020

Keywords: Mosasauridae; Photogrammetry; surface scanner; Taniwhasaurus; Tylosaurinae

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.106

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model used in in the following publication: Interacting with the inaccessible: utilization of multimedia-based visual contents of Japan’s National Monument, the Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis (Mosasauridae) holotype for educational workshops at Mikasa City Museum. 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 06, issue 05 (2020)

PDF
3D model related to the publication: New turtles from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon.
Gabriel S. Ferreira Logo, Fabiano V. Iori Logo, Guilherme Hermanson Logo and Max C. Langer Logo
Published online: 01/02/2018

Keywords: carotid circulation; Micro-CT; neuroanatomy; Pleurodira; Podocnemidoidae

https://doi.org/10.18563/m3.3.2.e2

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: New turtles from the Late Cretaceous of Monte Alto-SP, Brazil, including cranial osteology, neuroanatomy and phylogenetic position of a new taxon. PalZ. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12542-017-0397-x 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 03, Issue 02 (2017)

PDF
S.I. Data
3D models related to the publication: Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of the bats Platalina genovensium (Phyllostomidae, Lonchophyllinae) and Tomopeas ravus (Molossidae, Tomopeatinae)
Paul M. Velazco Logo and Camille Grohé Logo
Published online: 09/04/2018

Keywords: bony labyrinth; Chiroptera; cochlea

https://doi.org/10.18563/m3.3.4.e2

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Velazco P. M., Grohé C. 2017. Comparative anatomy of the bony labyrinth of the bats Platalina genovensium (Phyllostomidae, Lonchophyllinae) and Tomopeas ravus (Molossidae, Tomopeatinae). Biotempo 14(2). 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 03, Issue 04 (2017)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: The first French tragulid skull (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Tragulidae) and associated tragulid remains from the Middle Miocene of Contres (Loir-et-Cher, France)
Bastien Mennecart Logo, Adrien de Perthuis and Loïc Costeur Logo
Published online: 23/11/2017

Keywords: Comparative anatomy; CT-scan; ear region; MN5; Systematics

https://doi.org/10.18563/m3.3.3.e4

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Mennecart B., de Perthuis Ad., Rössner G.E., Guzmán J.A., de Perthuis Au., Costeur L. The first French tragulid skull (Mammalia, Ruminantia, Tragulidae) and associated tragulid remains from the Middle Miocene of Contres (Loir-et-Cher, France). Comptes Rendus Palévol. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpv.2017.08.004 

  Specimens

    Dorcatherium crassum NMB Fa.213.abg View specimen

    M3#181

    The 3D surface files of the specimen NMB Fa.213 are the reconstructions of the main skull fragments, the right petrosal bone, and the left bony labyrinth.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.181   state:published




    Download 3D surface file


 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 03, Issue 03 (2017)

PDF
3D atlas and comparative osteology of the middle ear ossicles among Eulipotyphla (Mammalia, Placentalia).
Daisuke Koyabu Logo
Published online: 03/05/2017

Keywords: aquatic adaptation; convergence; Eulipotyphla; fossorial adaptation; hearing

https://doi.org/10.18563/m3.3.2.e3

  Abstract

    Considerable morphological variations are found in the middle ear among mammals. Here I present a three-dimensional atlas of the middle ear ossicles of eulipotyphlan mammals. This group has radiated into various environments as terrestrial, aquatic, and subterranean habitats independently in multiple lineages. Therefore, eulipotyphlans are an ideal group to explore the form-function relationship of the middle ear ossicles. This comparative atlas of hedgehogs, true shrews, water shrews, mole shrews, true moles, and shrew moles encourages future studies of the middle ear morphology of this diverse group.
      

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 03, Issue 02 (2017)

PDF
3D model related to the publication: Anatomy of the holotype of “Probelesodon kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil
Carolina Hoffmann Logo, Agustín Martinelli Logo and Marco Brandalise de Andrade Logo
Published online: 23/05/2023

Keywords: Computed Tomography; Cynodontia; Morphology; Triassic

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.194

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model analyzed in the following publication: Carolina A. Hoffmann, A. G. Martinelli & M. B. Andrade. 2023. Anatomy of the holotype of “Probelesodon” kitchingi revisited, a chiniquodontid cynodont (Synapsida, Probainognathia) from the early Late Triassic of southern Brazil, Journal of Paleontology 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 09, issue 02 (2023)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: Postcranial morphology of the extinct rodent Neoepiblema (Rodentia: Chinchilloidea): insights into the paleobiology of neoepiblemids
Leonardo Kerber Logo, Adriana M. Candela Logo, José D. Ferreira Logo, Flávio A. Pretto Logo, Jamile Bubadué Logo and Francisco R. Negri Logo
Published online: 20/10/2021

Keywords: Chinchilloidea; functional morphology; Giant rodents; Neogene; Solimões Formation.

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.140

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D models of postcranial bones (humerus, ulna, innominate, femur, tibia, astragalus, navicular, and metatarsal III) described and figured in the following publication: “Postcranial morphology of the extinct rodent Neoepiblema (Rodentia: Chinchilloidea): insights into the paleobiology of neoepiblemids”. 

  Specimens
 
  See original publication
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 07, issue 04 (2021)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: Early Oligocene chinchilloid caviomorphs from Puerto Rico and the initial rodent colonization of the West Indies
Laurent Marivaux Logo, Jorge Velez-Juarbe Logo and Pierre-Olivier Antoine Logo
Published online: 07/09/2020

Keywords: Caribbean islands; Caviomorpha; Paleobiogeography; Paleogene; Rodentia

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.127

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D models of the fossil teeth of two chinchilloid caviomorph rodents (Borikenomys praecursor and Chinchilloidea gen. et sp. indet.) discovered from lower Oligocene deposits of Puerto Rico, San Sebastian Formation (locality LACM Loc. 8060). These fossils were described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2020), Early Oligocene chinchilloid caviomorphs from Puerto Rico and the initial rodent colonization of the West Indies. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2019.2806 

  Specimens

    Borikenomys praecursor LACM 162447 View specimen

    M3#638

    Right lower m3. This isolated tooth was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. The specimen was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.638   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    Borikenomys praecursor LACM 162446 View specimen

    M3#639

    Fragment of lower molar (most of the mesial part). This isolated broken tooth was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. The specimen was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.639   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    indet indet LACM 162448 View specimen

    M3#640

    Fragment of either an upper tooth (mesial laminae) or a lower tooth (distal laminae). The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 6 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This fragment of tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.640   state:published




    Download 3D surface file


 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 06, issue 04 (2020)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: The late middle Miocene Mae Moh Basin of northern Thailand: the richest Neogene assemblage of Carnivora from Southeast Asia and a paleobiogeographic analysis of Miocene Asian carnivorans
Camille Grohé Logo, Louis de Bonis Logo, Yaowalak Chaimanee, Jérôme Surault Logo and Jean-Jacques Jaeger Logo
Published online: 03/06/2020

Keywords: Carnivora; Mustelidae; otters; skull; upper teeth

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.109

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Grohé C., Bonis L. de, Chaimanee Y., Chavasseau O., Rugbumrung M., Yamee C., Suraprasit K., Gibert C., Surault J., Blondel C., Jaeger J.-J. 2020. The late middle Miocene Mae Moh Basin of northern Thailand: the richest Neogene assemblage of Carnivora from Southeast Asia and a paleobiogeographic analysis of Miocene Asian carnivorans. American Museum Novitates. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7223 

  Specimens

    Siamogale bounosa MM-54 View specimen

    M3#505

    3D model of the skull of Siamogale bounosa The zip file contains: - the 3D surface in PLY - the orientation files in .pos and .ori - the project in .ntw

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.505   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    Vishnuonyx maemohensis MM-78 View specimen

    M3#506

    3D model of the skull of Vishnuonyx maemohensis The zip file contains: - the 3D surface in PLY - the orientation files in .pos and .ori - the project in .ntw

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.506   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    M3#507

    3D model of the reconstructed upper teeth of Vishnuonyx maemohensis The zip file contains: - the 3D surface in PLY - the orientation files in .pos and .ori - the project in .ntw

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.507   state:published




    Download 3D surface file


 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 06, issue 03 (2020)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: Systematic and locomotor diversification of the Adapis group (Primates, Adapiformes) in the late Eocene of the Quercy (Southwest France), revealed by humeral remains.
Judit Marigó Logo, Nicole Verrière and Marc Godinot Logo
Published online: 20/12/2018

Keywords: Adapis; humeri; locomotion; Quercy

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.75

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication “Systematic and locomotor diversification of the Adapis group (Primates, Adapiformes) in the late Eocene of the Quercy (Southwest France), revealed by humeral remains”. In this paper, twenty humeral specimens from the old and new Quercy collections attributed to the fossil primates Adapis and Palaeolemur are described and analysed together. In this dataset only the scans of the fossils belonging to the collections of Université de Montpellier are provided.
    In our paper (Marigó et al., 2019) we provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the different humeri, revealing that high variability is present within the “Adapis group” sample. Six different morphotypes are identified, confirming that what has often been called “Adapis parisiensis” is a mix of different species that present different locomotor adaptations. 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 04, issue 03 (2018)

PDF
Supplemental information for "Sensory anatomy of the most aquatic of carnivorans: the Antarctic Ross seal, and convergences with other mammals".
Ashley E. Latimer Logo, Cleopatra M. Loza Logo, Marcelo R. Sánchez-Villagra Logo and Alfredo A. Carlini
Published online: 23/11/2017

Keywords: aquatic; inner ear; Ommatophoca rossi; Phoca; semicircular canals

https://doi.org/10.18563/m3.3.4.e7

  Abstract

    Here, the semicircular canals of the most aquatic seal, the rare Antarctic Ross Seal (Ommatophoca rossii), are presented for the first time, along with representatives of every species in the Lobodontini: the leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx), Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddellii), and crabeater seal (Lobodon carcinophagus). Because encounters with wild Ross seal are rare, and few specimens are available in collections worldwide, this dataset increases accessibility to a rare species. For further comparison, we present the bony labyrinths of other carnivorans, the elephant seal (Mirounga leonina), harbor seal (Phoca vitulina), walrus (Odobenus rosmarus), South American sea lion (Otaria byronia). 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 03, Issue 04 (2017)

PDF
3D model related to the publication: An enigmatic aquatic snake from the Cenomanian of northern South America
Adriana Albino Logo, Jorge D. Carrillo-Briceño Logo and James, M. Neenan Logo
Published online: 24/05/2016

Keywords: aquatic; Cretaceous; Snake; South America; Vertebrae

https://doi.org/10.18563/m3.2.2.e2

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Albino, A., Carrillo-Briceño, J. D. & Neenan, J. M. 2016. An enigmatic aquatic snake from the Cenomanian of northern South America. PeerJ 4:e2027 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2027 

  Specimens
 
  See original publication
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 02, Issue 02 (2017)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: The pharynx of the iconic stem-group chondrichthyan Acanthodes Agassiz, 1833 revisited with micro computed tomography.
Richard Dearden Logo, Anthony Herrel Logo and Alan Pradel Logo
Published online: 25/06/2024

Keywords: acanthodian; branchial skeleton; chondrichthyan; Permian; pharynx

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.226

  Abstract

    This contribution contains 3D models of the cranial endoskeleton of three specimens of the Permian ‘acanthodian’ stem-group chondrichthyan (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodes confusus, obtained using computed tomography. These datasets were described and analyzed in Dearden et al. (2024) “3D models related to the publication: The pharynx of the iconic stem-group chondrichthyan Acanthodes Agassiz, 1833 revisited with micro computed tomography.” Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 

  Specimens
 
  See original publication
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 10, issue 02 (2024)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: Redescription, taxonomic revaluation, and phylogenetic affinities of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae), early Late Triassic of Candelaria Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence)
Daniel de Simão-Oliveira Logo, Felipe Lima Pinheiro Logo, Marco Brandalise de Andrade Logo and Flávio A. Pretto Logo
Published online: 04/07/2022

Keywords: Archosauriformes; Late Triassic; osteology; Proterochampsia; taxonomy

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.170

  Abstract

    The present 3D dataset contains the 3D models of the holotype of Proterochampsa nodosa that were built and analysed in “Redescription, taxonomic revaluation, and phylogenetic affinities of Proterochampsa nodosa (Archosauriformes: Proterochampsidae), early Late Triassic of Candelaria Sequence (Santa Maria Supersequence)”. 

  Specimens
 
  See original publication
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 08, issue 03 (2022)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: Re-description of the braincase of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Limaysaurus tessonei and novel endocranial information based on CT scans
 
Ariana Paulina-Carabajal Logo and Jorge Calvo
Published online: 03/02/2021

Keywords: Cranial endocast; Dinosauria; inner ear; Paleoneurology

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.130

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal A and Calvo JO 2021. Re-description of the braincase of the rebbachisaurid sauropod Limaysaurus tessonei and novel endocranial information based on CT scans. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 93(Suppl. 2): e20200762 https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202120200762 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 07, issue 01 (2021)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia
 
Laurent Marivaux Logo, Rodolfo Salas-Gismondi Logo and Pierre-Olivier Antoine Logo
Published online: 10/07/2020

Keywords: Laventan; Neogene; Paleobiogeography; Peru; Tropical South America

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.119

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D models of the fossil teeth of a small-bodied platyrrhine primate, Neosaimiri cf. fieldsi (Cebinae, Cebidae, Platyrrhini) discovered from Laventan deposits (late Middle Miocene) of Peruvian Amazonia, San Martín Department (TAR-31: Tarapoto/Juan Guerra vertebrate fossil-bearing locus n°31). These fossils were described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2020), New record of Neosaimiri (Cebidae, Platyrrhini) from the late Middle Miocene of Peruvian Amazonia. Journal of Human Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102835 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 06, issue 03 (2020)

PDF
A photorealistic collection of Homo sapiens crania for research and dissemination
Paolo Lussu Logo and Elisabetta Marini Logo
Published online: 08/04/2020

Keywords: distance learning; Photogrammetry; teaching; validation

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.112

  Abstract

    This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publications:
    - Marini E., Lussu P., 2020. A virtual physical anthropology lab. Teaching in the time of coronavirus, in prep.;
    - Lussu P., Bratzu D., Marini E., 2020. Cloud-based ultra close-range digital photogrammetry: validation of an approach for the effective virtual reconstruction of skeletal remains, in prep. 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 06, issue 02 (2020)

PDF
3D data related to the publication: A new species of Palaeopython (Serpentes) and other extinct squamates from the Eocene of Dielsdorf (Zurich, Switzerland)
 
Georgios L. Georgalis Logo and Torsten M. Scheyer Logo
Published online: 05/06/2019

Keywords: Eocene; Palaeopython; Palaeovaranus; Squamata; Switzerland

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.93

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Georgalis, G. L., and T. M. Scheyer. A new species of Palaeopython (Serpentes) and other extinct squamates from the Eocene of Dielsdorf (Zurich, Switzerland). Swiss Journal of Geosciences (in press). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00015-019-00341-6

      

  Specimens
 
  See original publication
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 05, issue 02 (2019)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: Upper third molar internal structural organization and semicircular canal morphology in Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoids.
Amélie Beaudet Logo, Guillaume Fleury, Emmanuel Gilissen, Jean Dumoncel Logo, John F. Thackeray Logo, Laurent Bruxelles Logo, Benjamin Duployer Logo, Christophe Tenailleau Logo, Lunga Bam Logo, Jakobus Hoffman Logo, Frikke De Beer and José Braga Logo
Published online: 10/10/2019

Keywords: bony labyrinth; cercopithecoids; enamel-dentine junction; upper third molars

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.86

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the enamel-dentine junctions of upper third molars and of the bony labyrinths of the extant cercopithecoid specimens analyzed in the following publication: Beaudet, A., Dumoncel, J., Thackeray, J.F., Bruxelles, L., Duployer, B., Tenailleau, C., Bam, L., Hoffman, J., de Beer, F., Braga, J.: Upper third molar internal structural organization and semicircular canal morphology in Plio-Pleistocene South African cercopithecoids. Journal of Human Evolution 95, 104-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2016.04.004 

  Specimens
 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 06, issue 01 (2020)

PDF
3D models related to the publication: One skull to rule them all? Descriptive and comparative anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in five mice species based on traditional and digital dissections.
Samuel Ginot Logo, Julien Claude Logo and Lionel Hautier Logo
Published online: 04/09/2018

Keywords: Dissection; iodine-enhanced CT-scan; Masticatory musculature; Murinae; skull myology

https://doi.org/10.18563/journal.m3.65

  Abstract

    The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the article entitled "One skull to rule them all? Descriptive and comparative anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in five mice species based on traditional and digital dissections" (Ginot et al. 2018, Journal of Morphology, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20845). 

  Specimens

    Mus cervicolor R7314 View specimen

    M3#343

    .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus cervicolor. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.343   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    Mus caroli R7264 View specimen

    M3#344

    .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus caroli. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.344   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    Mus fragilicauda R7260 View specimen

    M3#345

    .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus fragilicauda. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.345   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    Mus pahari R7226 View specimen

    M3#346

    .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus pahari. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.346   state:published




    Download 3D surface file

    Mus minutoides minutoides-1 View specimen

    M3#347

    .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus minutoides. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform.

    Type: "3D_surfaces"

    doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.347   state:published




    Download 3D surface file


 
  M3 article infos

Published in Volume 04, issue 02 (2018)

PDF

Page 9 of 11, showing 20 record(s) out of 213 total