The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of external and internal aspects of human upper permanent second molars from the Neolithic necropolis analyzed in the following publication: Le Luyer M., Coquerelle M., Rottier S., Bayle P. (2016): Internal tooth structure and burial practices: insights into the Neolithic necropolis of Gurgy (France, 5100-4000 cal. BC). Plos One 11(7): e0159688. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159688. 

Homo sapiens GLN04-201-ULM2 View specimen

M3#74 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.74   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-206-ULM2 View specimen

M3#75 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.75   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-213-URM2 View specimen

M3#76 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.76   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-215A-URM2 View specimen

M3#77 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.77   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN06-215B-URM2 View specimen

M3#78 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.78   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN06-223-URM2 View specimen

M3#79 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.79   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-229-URM2 View specimen

M3#80 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.80   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-243B-ULM2 View specimen

M3#81 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) with reconstructed dentine horn tip of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.81   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-248-ULM2 View specimen

M3#82 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) with reconstructed dentine horn tip of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.82   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-252-ULM2 View specimen

M3#83 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.83   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-253-ULM2 View specimen

M3#84 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.84   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-257-URM2 View specimen

M3#85 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) with reconstructed dentine horn tip of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.85   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-264-ULM2 View specimen

M3#86 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.86   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-277-URM2 View specimen

M3#87 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.87   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN04-289B-URM2 View specimen

M3#88 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.88   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN06-291-URM2 View specimen

M3#89 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) with reconstructed dentine horn tip of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.89   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-292-URM2 View specimen

M3#90 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.90   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-294-ULM2 View specimen

M3#91 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) with reconstructed dentine horn tip of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.91   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-308-URM2 View specimen

M3#93 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent right second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.93   state:published

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Homo sapiens GLN05-301-ULM2 View specimen

M3#92 Outer enamel surface (OES) and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) of Neolithic upper permanent left second molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.92   state:published

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This project presents a µCT dataset and an associated 3D surface model of the holotype of Donrussellia magna (UM PAT 17; Primates, Adapiformes). UM PAT17 is the only known specimen for the species and consists of a well-preserved left lower jaw with p4-m3. It documents one of the oldest European primates, eventually dated near the Paleocene Eocene Thermal Maximum. 

Donrussellia magna UM PAT 17 View specimen

	M3#17 3D surface file model of UM PAT 17 (type specimen of Donrussellia magna), which is a well preserved left lower jaw with p4-m3. The teeth (and roots) were manually segmented. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf17   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#18 CT Scan Data of Donrussellia magna UM PAT 17. Voxel size (in µm): 36µm (isotropic voxels). Dimensions in x,y,z : 594 pixels, 294 pixels, 1038 pixels. Image type : 8-bit voxels. Image format : raw data format (no header). Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf18   state:published	Download CT data

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of the skull of the holotype of Miocaperea pulchra.
  

Miocaperea pulchra SMNS-P-46978 View specimen

M3#1656 Blender file containing two models (the skull being preserved in two parts) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1656   state:published

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This contribution contains 3D models of the holotype of a new species of long-nosed armadillos, the Guianan long-nosed armadillo (Dasypus guianensis) described in the following publication: Barthe M., Rancilhac L., Arteaga M. C., Feijó A., Tilak M.-K., Justy F., Loughry W. J., McDonough C. M., de Thoisy B., Catzeflis F., Billet G., Hautier L., Nabholz B., and Delsuc F. 2024. Exon capture museomics deciphers the nine-banded armadillo species complex and identifies a new species endemic to the Guiana Shield. Systematic Biology, syae027. https://doi.org/10.1093/sysbio/syae027
  

Dasypus guianensis MNHN-ZM-MO-2001-1317 View specimen

	M3#1200 Skeleton and carapace Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1200   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1201 Frontal sinuses Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1201   state:published	Download 3D surface file

This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Bonis, L. de, Grohé, C., Surault, J., Gardin, A. 2022. Description of the first cranium and endocranial structures of Stenoplesictis minor (Mammalia, Carnivora), an early aeluroid from the Oligocene of the Quercy Phosphorites (southwestern France). Historical Biology. https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2022.2045980 

Stenoplesictis minor UM-ACQ 6705 View specimen

	M3#961 Endocranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.961   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#962 Right bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.962   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#963 Left bony labyrinth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.963   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#964 Cranium in transparency with endocranial structures Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.964   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a specimen of Metamynodon planifrons (UNISTRA.2015.0.1106) described and figured in: Veine-Tonizzo, L., Tissier, J., Bukhsianidze, M., Vasilyan, D., Becker, D., 2023, Cranial morphology and phylogenetic relationships of Amynodontidae Scott & Osborn, 1883 (Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotoidea). 

Metamynodon planifrons UNISTRA.2015.0.1106 View specimen

M3#716 Textured 3D surface model of the skull of the specimen UNISTRA.2015.0.1106 with right C1 and both rows of P2-M3. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.716   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Mennecart B., Métais G., Costeur L., Ginsburg L, and Rössner G. 2021, Reassessment of the enigmatic ruminant Miocene genus Amphimoschus Bourgeois, 1873 (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Pecora). PlosOne. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244661 

Amphimoschus ponteleviensis MNHN.F.AR3266 View specimen

	M3#701 Surface scan of the cast of the skull of Amphimoschus ponteleviensis MNHN.F.AR3266 from Artenay (France) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.701   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#702 Right petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of the skull MNHN.F.AR3266 from Artenay (France) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.702   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Amphimoschus ponteleviensis SMNS40693 View specimen

M3#704 Left petrosal bone and bony labyrinth of the skull SMNS40693 from Langenau 1 (Germany) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.704   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Grohé C., Bonis L. de, Chaimanee Y., Chavasseau O., Rugbumrung M., Yamee C., Suraprasit K., Gibert C., Surault J., Blondel C., Jaeger J.-J. 2020. The late middle Miocene Mae Moh Basin of northern Thailand: the richest Neogene assemblage of Carnivora from Southeast Asia and a paleobiogeographic analysis of Miocene Asian carnivorans. American Museum Novitates. http://digitallibrary.amnh.org/handle/2246/7223 

Siamogale bounosa MM-54 View specimen

M3#505 3D model of the skull of Siamogale bounosa The zip file contains: - the 3D surface in PLY - the orientation files in .pos and .ori - the project in .ntw Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.505   state:published

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Vishnuonyx maemohensis MM-78 View specimen

	M3#506 3D model of the skull of Vishnuonyx maemohensis The zip file contains: - the 3D surface in PLY - the orientation files in .pos and .ori - the project in .ntw Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.506   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#507 3D model of the reconstructed upper teeth of Vishnuonyx maemohensis The zip file contains: - the 3D surface in PLY - the orientation files in .pos and .ori - the project in .ntw Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.507   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a left dentary with m1-m3 analyzed in “A new fossil of Tayassuidae (Mammalia: Certartiodactyla) from the Pleistocene of northern Brazil”. The 3D model was generated using a laser scanning. 

cf. Pecari tajacu UFSM 11606 View specimen

M3#498 Left dentary with m1-m3 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.498   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in ”Morphological features of tooth development and replacement in the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus”, Archives of Oral Biology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104576 

Oryctogalus cuniculus E14 View specimen

M3#390 Right cheek teeth, Left and right incisors at 14 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.390   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E16 View specimen

M3#391 Left cheek teeth, Left and right incisors at 16 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.391   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E18 View specimen

M3#392 Left cheek teeth and incisors at 18 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.392   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E20 View specimen

M3#393 Left cheek teeth and incisors at 20 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.393   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E22 View specimen

M3#394 Left lower cheek teeth and incisors, right upper cheek teeth and incisors at 22 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.394   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E24 View specimen

M3#395 Left cheek teeth and incisors at 24 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.395   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E28 View specimen

M3#396 Right cheek teeth and incisors at 28 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.396   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E26 View specimen

M3#397 Right cheek teeth and incisors at 26 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.397   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Tissier et al. (in prep.). 

Sellamynodon zimborensis UBB MPS 15795 View specimen

M3#297 Incomplete skull with left M3. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.297   state:published

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Sellamynodon zimborensis UBB MPS 15795 View specimen

M3#298 Mandible with complete molar and premolar rows, lacking symphysis. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.298   state:published

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Amynodontopsis aff. bodei UBB MPS V545 View specimen

M3#299 Maxillary fragment with M1-3. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.299   state:published

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Amynodontopsis aff. bodei UBB MPS V546 View specimen

M3#300 Unworn m1/2 on mandible fragment. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.300   state:published

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Current knowledge on the skeletogenesis of Chondrichthyes is scarce compared with their extant sister group, the bony fishes. Most of the previously described developmental tables in Chondrichthyes have focused on embryonic external morphology only. Due to its small body size and relative simplicity to raise eggs in laboratory conditions, the small-spotted catshark Scyliorhinus canicula has emerged as a reference species to describe developmental mechanisms in the Chondrichthyes lineage. Here we investigate the dynamic of mineralization in a set of six embryonic specimens using X-ray microtomography and describe the developing units of both the dermal skeleton (teeth and dermal scales) and endoskeleton (vertebral axis). This preliminary data on skeletogenesis in the catshark sets the first bases to a more complete investigation of the skeletal developmental in Chondrichthyes. It should provide comparison points with data known in osteichthyans and could thus be used in the broader context of gnathostome skeletal evolution. 

Scyliorhinus canicula SC6_2_2015_03_20 View specimen

M3#50 Mineralized skeleton of a 6,2 cm long embryo of Scyliorhinus canicula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.50   state:published

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Scyliorhinus canicula SC6_7_2015_03_20 View specimen

M3#51 Mineralized skeleton of a 6,7 cm long embryo of Scyliorhinus canicula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.51   state:published

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Scyliorhinus canicula SC7_1_2015_04_03 View specimen

M3#52 Mineralized skeleton of a 7,1 cm long embryo of Scyliorhinus canicula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.52   state:published

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Scyliorhinus canicula SC7_5_2015_03_13 View specimen

M3#53 Mineralized skeleton of a 7,5 cm long embryo of Scyliorhinus canicula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.53   state:published

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Scyliorhinus canicula SC8_2015_03_20 View specimen

M3#54 Mineralized skeleton of a 8 cm long embryo of Scyliorhinus canicula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.54   state:published

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Scyliorhinus canicula SC10_2015_02_27 View specimen

M3#55 Mineralized skeleton of a 10 cm long embryo of Scyliorhinus canicula Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.55   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the following publication: Molnar, JL, Pierce, SE, Bhullar, B-A, Turner, AH, Hutchinson, JR (accepted). Morphological and functional changes in the crocodylomorph vertebral column with increasing aquatic adaptation. Royal Society Open Science. 

Protosuchus richardsoni AMNH-VP 3024 View specimen

M3#44 8th and 9th dorsal vertebrae, 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, and 5th lumbar and sacral vertebrae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf44   state:published

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Terrestrisuchus gracilis NHM-PV R 7562 View specimen

M3#45 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, and 5th lumbar and sacral vertebrae Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf45   state:published

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Pelagosaurus typus NHM-PV OR 32598 View specimen

M3#46 7th and 8th dorsal vertebrae, 11th and 12th dorsal vertebrae, 15th dorsal vertebra and sacral vertebra. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf46   state:published

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Metriorhynchus superciliosus NHM-PV R 2054 View specimen

M3#47 6th and 7th dorsal vertebrae, 10th and 11th dorsal vertebrae, 17th dorsal vertebra and sacral vertebra Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf47   state:published

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Crocodylus niloticus FNC0 View specimen

M3#48 7th and 8th dorsal vertebrae, 1st and 2nd lumbar vertebrae, 5th lumbar vertebra and sacral vertebra. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf48   state:published

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Archaeozoological studies are increasingly using new methods and approaches to explore questions about domestication. Here, we provide 3D models of three archaeological Canis lupus skulls from Belgium originating from the sites of Goyet (31,680±250BP; 31,890+240/-220BP), Trou des Nutons (21,810±90BP) and Trou Balleux (postglacial). Since their identification as either wolves or early dogs is still debated, we present these models as additional tools for further investigating their evolutionary history and the history of dog domestication. 

Canis lupus Goyet 2860 View specimen

M3#21 3D surface model of the cranium of the Late Pleistocene Canis lupus "Goyet 2860" from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf21   state:published

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Canis lupus Trou Balleux no-nr View specimen

M3#22 3D surface model of the cranium of the Late Pleistocene Canis lupus "Trou Balleux no-nr" from the University of Liège, Belgium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf22   state:published

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Canis lupus Trou des Nutons 2559-1 View specimen

M3#23 3D surface model of the cranium of the Late Pleistocene Canis lupus "Trou des Nutons 2559-1" from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf23   state:published

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The present 3D dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication: Rosa, R. M., Salvador, R. B., & Cavallari, D. C. (2025). The disappearing act of the magician tree snail: anatomy, distribution, and phylogenetic relationships of Drymaeus magus (Gastropoda: Bulimulidae), a long-lost species hidden in plain sight. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 

Drymaeus magus CMRP 1049 View specimen

	M3#1597 Internal organs of Drymaeus magus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1597   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1598 External surface of Drymaeus magus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1598   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The study of titanosaur paleobiology has been severely hampered by the incomplete nature of their fossil record, particularly the scarcity of well-preserved and relatively complete cranial remains. Even the most complete titanosaur skulls are often fractured, incomplete, or deformed, which has resulted in a limited knowledge of the paleobiology related to cranial anatomy, especially functional morphology. In this context, we present the digital restoration of the skull of the Argentinean titanosaur Sarmientosaurus musacchioi, created using the open-source 3D modeling software Blender. The digitally restored model is freely accessible to other researchers, facilitating broader research and comparative studies. 

Sarmientosaurus mussacchioi MDT-PV 02 View specimen

	M3#1594 Cranium and mandible of Sarmientosaurus mussacchioi Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1594   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#1599 Original object provided by Gabriel Casal (cranium) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1599   state:published	Download 3D surface file

The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the publication Fossils from the Montceau-les-Mines Lagerstätte (305 Ma) shed light on the anatomy, ecology and phylogeny of Carboniferous millipedes. Authors: Lheritier Mickael, Perroux Maëva, Vannier Jean, Escarguel Gilles, Wesener Thomas, Moritz Leif, Chabard Dominique, Adrien Jerome and Perrier Vincent. Journal of Systematics Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/14772019.2023.2169891 

Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.2134 View specimen

M3#1073 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1073   state:published

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Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.14983 View specimen

M3#1074 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1074   state:published

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Amynilyspes fatimae MNHN.F.SOT.2129 View specimen

M3#1075 Nearly complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1075   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.2114A View specimen

M3#1076 Front part. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1076   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.5148 View specimen

M3#1077 Front part. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1077   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.2113 View specimen

M3#1078 Fragment with legs, sternites and possible tracheal openings. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1078   state:published

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Blanzilius parriati MNHN.F.SOT.81522 View specimen

M3#1079 Nealry complete specimen. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1079   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in Benites-Palomino A., Velez-Juarbe J., Altamirano-Sierra A., Collareta A., Carrillo-Briceño J., and Urbina M. 2022. Sperm whales (Physeteroidea) from the Pisco Formation, Peru, and their Trophic role as fat-sources for Late Miocene sharks.
  

Scaphokogia cochlearis MUSM 978 View specimen

M3#977 juvenile Scaphokogia cochlearis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.977   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of an endocranial cast analyzed in “A 10 ka intentionally deformed human skull from Northeast Asia”. There are many studies on the morphological characteristics of intentional cranial deformation (ICD), but few related 3D models were published. Here, we present the surface model of an intentionally deformed 10 ka human cranium for further research on ICD practice. The 3D model of the endocranial cast of this ICD cranium was discovered near Harbin City, Province Heilongjiang, Northeast China. The fossil preserved only the frontal, parietal, and occipital bones. To complete the endocast model of the specimen, we printed a 3D model and used modeling clay to reconstruct the missing part based on the general form of the modern human endocast morphology.
  

Homo sapiens IVPP-PA1616 View specimen

	M3#972 The frontal region of the endocast is flattened, probably formed by the constant pressure on the frontal bone during growth. There is a well-developed frontal crest on the endocranial surface. The endocast widens posteriorly from the frontal lobe. The widest point of the endocast is at the lateral border of the parietal lobe. The lower parietal areas display a marked lateral expansion. The overall shape of the endocast is asymmetrical, with the left side of the parietal lobe being more laterally expanded than the right side. Like the frontal lobe, the occipital lobe is also anteroposteriorly flattened. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.972   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#976 The original endocranial cast model (with texture) of IVPP-PA1616. It shows the original structures of the specimen, and was not altered in any way. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.976   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Turtles are one of the most impressive vertebrates. Much of the body is either hidden in a shell or can be drawn into it. Turtles impress with their individual longevity and their often peaceful disposition. Also, with their resilience, they have survived all extinction events since their emergence in the Late Triassic. Today's diversity of shapes is impressive and ranges from the large and high domed Galapagos turtles to the hamster-sized flat pancake turtles. The holotype of one of the oldest fossil turtles, Proganochelys quenstedtii, is housed in the paleontological collection in Tübingen/Germany. Since its discovery some years before 1873, P. quenstedtii has represented the 'prototype' of the turtle and has had an eventful scientific history. It was found in Neuenhaus (Häfner-Neuhausen in Schönbuch forest), Baden-Württemberg, Germany, and stems from Löwenstein-Formation (Weißer Keupersandstein), Late Triassic. The current catalogue number is GPIT-PV-30000. The specimen is listed in the historical inventory “Tübinger Petrefaktenverzeichnis 1841 bis 1896, [folio 326v.]“, as “[catalogue number: PV]16549, Schildkröte Weiser Keupersandstein Hafnerhausen” [turtle from White Keuper Sandstone]. Another, more recent synonym is “GPIT/RE/9396”. The same specimen was presented as uncatalogued by Gaffney (1990). Here we provide a surface scan of the steinkern for easier access of this famous specimen to the scientific community.
  

Proganochelys quenstedtii GPIT-PV-30000 View specimen

M3#967 This the surface model of the steinkern of the shell of Proganochelys quenstedtii. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.967   state:published

Download 3D surface file