Archaeozoological studies are increasingly using new methods and approaches to explore questions about domestication. Here, we provide 3D models of three archaeological Canis lupus skulls from Belgium originating from the sites of Goyet (31,680±250BP; 31,890+240/-220BP), Trou des Nutons (21,810±90BP) and Trou Balleux (postglacial). Since their identification as either wolves or early dogs is still debated, we present these models as additional tools for further investigating their evolutionary history and the history of dog domestication. 

Canis lupus Goyet 2860 View specimen

M3#21 3D surface model of the cranium of the Late Pleistocene Canis lupus "Goyet 2860" from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf21   state:published

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Canis lupus Trou Balleux no-nr View specimen

M3#22 3D surface model of the cranium of the Late Pleistocene Canis lupus "Trou Balleux no-nr" from the University of Liège, Belgium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf22   state:published

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Canis lupus Trou des Nutons 2559-1 View specimen

M3#23 3D surface model of the cranium of the Late Pleistocene Canis lupus "Trou des Nutons 2559-1" from the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf23   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model(s) described and figured in the following publication: Carolina A. Hoffmann, P. G. Rodrigues, M. B. Soares & M. B. Andrade. 2021. Brain endocast of two non-mammaliaform cynodonts from southern Brazil: an ontogenetic and evolutionary approach, Historical Biology, 33:8, 1196-1207, https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2019.1685512 

Probelesodon kitchingi MCP 1600 PV View specimen

M3#978 3D model of the brain endocast of Probelesodon kitchingi. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.978   state:published

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Massetognathus ochagaviae MCP 3871 PV View specimen

M3#979 3D model of the brain endocast of Massetognathus ochagaviae. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.979   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model described and figured in the following publication: Albino, A., Carrillo-Briceño, J. D. & Neenan, J. M. 2016. An enigmatic aquatic snake from the Cenomanian of northern South America. PeerJ 4:e2027 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2027 

Lunaophis aquaticus MCNC-1827-F View specimen

M3#116 Articulated precloacal vertebrae of Lunaophis aquaticus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.116   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models of the bony labyrinths of two protocetid archaeocetes from the locality of Kpogamé, Togo, described and figured in the publication of Mourlam and Orliac (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2017.04.061  

?Carolinacetus indet. UM KPG-M 164 View specimen

M3#149 bony labyrinth of ? Carolinacetus sp. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.149   state:published

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indet. indet. UM KPG-M 73 View specimen

M3#150 bony labyrinth of Protocetidae indet. from Kpogamé, Togo Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.150   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the article entitled "One skull to rule them all? Descriptive and comparative anatomy of the masticatory apparatus in five mice species based on traditional and digital dissections" (Ginot et al. 2018, Journal of Morphology, https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20845). 

Mus cervicolor R7314 View specimen

M3#343 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus cervicolor. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.343   state:published

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Mus caroli R7264 View specimen

M3#344 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus caroli. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.344   state:published

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Mus fragilicauda R7260 View specimen

M3#345 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus fragilicauda. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.345   state:published

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Mus pahari R7226 View specimen

M3#346 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus pahari. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.346   state:published

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Mus minutoides minutoides-1 View specimen

M3#347 .ply surfaces of the skull and masticatory muscles of Mus minutoides. Created with MorphoDig, .pos and .ntw files also included. Scans were obtained thanks to the Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier MRI platform. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.347   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in the following publication: Paulina-Carabajal, A., Ezcurra, M., Novas, F., 2019. New information on the braincase and endocranial morphology of the Late Triassic neotheropod Zupaysaurus rougieri using Computed Tomography data. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2019.1630421
  

Zupaysaurus rougieri PULR 076 View specimen

M3#424 The Zip contains 3 files, which correspond to: PULR_076-M1: Zupaysaurus rougieri skull, braincase and cranial endocast PULR_076-M2: Zupaysaurus rougieri braincase PULR_076-M1: Zupaysaurus rougieri brain and inner ear Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.424   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in ”Morphological features of tooth development and replacement in the rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus”, Archives of Oral Biology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104576 

Oryctogalus cuniculus E14 View specimen

M3#390 Right cheek teeth, Left and right incisors at 14 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.390   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E16 View specimen

M3#391 Left cheek teeth, Left and right incisors at 16 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.391   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E18 View specimen

M3#392 Left cheek teeth and incisors at 18 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.392   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E20 View specimen

M3#393 Left cheek teeth and incisors at 20 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.393   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E22 View specimen

M3#394 Left lower cheek teeth and incisors, right upper cheek teeth and incisors at 22 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.394   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E24 View specimen

M3#395 Left cheek teeth and incisors at 24 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.395   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E28 View specimen

M3#396 Right cheek teeth and incisors at 28 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.396   state:published

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Oryctogalus cuniculus E26 View specimen

M3#397 Right cheek teeth and incisors at 26 dpf Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.397   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of a skull analyzed in “A Puma concolor (Carnivora: Felidae) in the Middle-Late Holocene landscapes of the Brazilian Northeast (Bahia): submerged cave deposits and stable isotopes”. The 3D model was generated by photogrammetry. 

Puma concolor MN 57461 View specimen

M3#843 Cranium Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.843   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of the holotype of Chambius kasserinensis, the basalmost ‘elephant-shrew’ figured in the following publication: New remains of Chambius kasserinensis from the Eocene of Tunisia and evaluation of proposed affinities for Macroscelidea (Mammalia, Afrotheria). https://doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2017.1297433 

Chambius kasserinensis CBI-1-06 View specimen

M3#146 3D model of the holotype maxilla of Chambius kasserinensis. The 3D surface was extracted manually from the limestone matrix within AVIZO 9.2 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.146   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model of the brain endocast of Neoepiblema acreensis analyzed in “Small within the largest: Brain size and anatomy of the extinct Neoepiblema acreensis, a giant rodent from the Neotropics”. The 3D model was generated using CT-Scanning and techniques of virtual reconstruction.
  

Neoepiblema acreensis UFAC 4515 View specimen

M3#502 Brain endocast of Neoepiblema acreensis Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.502   state:published

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This contribution includes the 3D models of the reconstructed ossicular chain of the cainotheriid Caenomeryx filholi from the late Oligocene locality of Pech Desse (MP28, Quercy, France) described and figured in the publication of Assemat et al. (2020). It represents the oldest ossicular chain reconstruction for a Paleogene terrestrial artiodactyl species. 

Caenomeryx filholi UM PDS 3353 View specimen

M3#508 reconstruction of the middle ear with petrosal, bulla, stapes, incus, malleus Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.508   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models analyzed in: Abel P., Pommery Y., Ford D. P., Koyabu D., Werneburg I. 2022. Skull sutures and cranial mechanics in the Permian reptile Captorhinus aguti and the evolution of the temporal region in early amniotes. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.841784
  

Captorhinus aguti OMNH 44816 View specimen

M3#965 Segmented cranial bone surfaces of OMNH 44816 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.965   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D models of an ilium, a vertebra, and a partial scapula of Prestosuchus sp. that were analyzed in “New Loricata remains from the Pinheiros-Chiniquá Sequence (Middle-Upper Triassic), southern Brazil”. 

Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11603 View specimen

M3#1080 Surface scan of a right ilium of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1080   state:published

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11233 View specimen

M3#1081 Surface scan of a partial right scapula of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.4mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1081   state:published

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Prestosuchus sp. UFSM11602a View specimen

M3#1082 Surface scan of a anterior dorsal vertebra of Prestosuchus sp. with a 0.2 mm resolution. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.1082   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D reconstruction of Canariomys bravoi, described and figured in the following publication: Michaux J., Hautier L., Hutterer R., Lebrun R., Guy F., García-Talavera F., 2012 : Body shape and life style of the extinct rodent Canariomys bravoi (Mammalia, Murinae) from Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 11 (7), 485-494. DOI: 10.1016/j.crpv.2012.06.004
  

Canariomys bravoi TFMCV872-873 View specimen

M3#6 This file contains the 3D reconstruction of Canariomys bravoi, described and figured in the following publication: Michaux J., Hautier L., Hutterer R., Lebrun R., Guy F., García-Talavera F., 2012 : Body shape and life style of the extinct rodent Canariomys bravoi (Mammalia, Murinae) from Tenerife, Canary Islands (Spain). Comptes Rendus Palevol 11 (7), 485-494. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf6   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of the holotype of Simplomys hugi, the new dormouse species from the locality of Glovelier described and figured in the following publication: New data on the Miocene dormouse Simplomys García-Paredes, 2009 from the peri-alpin basins of Switzerland and Germany: palaeodiversity of a rare genus in Central Europe. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12549-018-0339-y 

Simplomys hugi MJSN-GLM017-0001 View specimen

M3#385 the left maxilla with four teeth ( DP4, P4, M1 and M2) Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.385   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D model of the fossil talus of a small-bodied anthropoid primate (Platyrrhini, Cebidae, Cebinae) discovered from lower Miocene deposits of Peruvian Amazonia (MD-61 locality, Upper Madre de Dios Basin). This fossil was described and figured in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2012), A platyrrhine talus from the early Miocene of Peru (Amazonian Madre de Dios Sub-Andean Zone). Journal of Human Evolution.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.07.005  

Cebinae indet. sp. MUSM-2024 View specimen

M3#380 Right talus 3D surface of a Miocene Cebinae indet. primate Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.380   state:published

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The present 3D Dataset contains the 3D model used in in the following publication: Interacting with the inaccessible: utilization of multimedia-based visual contents of Japan’s National Monument, the Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis (Mosasauridae) holotype for educational workshops at Mikasa City Museum. 

Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis MCM.M0009 View specimen

M3#499 Taniwhasaurus mikasaensis, Caldwell et al. 2008 Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.499   state:published

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This contribution provides the raw files for the μCT-scan data and renderings of the three-dimensional digital models of two fossil teeth of a geomyin geomorph rodent (Caribeomys merzeraudi), discovered from lower Oligocene deposits of Puerto Rico, San Sebastian Formation (locality LACM Loc. 8060). These fossils were described, figured and discussed in the following publication: Marivaux et al. (2021), An unpredicted ancient colonization of the West Indies by North American rodents: dental evidence of a geomorph from the early Oligocene of Puerto Rico. Papers in Palaeontology. https://doi.org/10.1002/spp2.1388 

Caribeomys merzeraudi LACM 162478 View specimen

	M3#712 Right lower dp4: isolated deciduous premolar. The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 5 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This isolated tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.712   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#714 5µm µCT data set . Right lower dp4: isolated deciduous premolar. The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 5 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.714   state:published	Download CT data

Caribeomys merzeraudi LACM 162449 View specimen

	M3#713 Right lower molar (m1 or m2). The specimen was scanned with a resolution of 4.5 µm using a μ-CT-scanning station EasyTom 150 / Rx Solutions (Montpellier RIO Imaging, ISE-M, Montpellier, France). AVIZO 7.1 (Visualization Sciences Group) software was used for visualization, segmentation, and 3D rendering. This isolated tooth was prepared within a “labelfield” module of AVIZO, using the segmentation threshold selection tool. Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.713   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#715 µCT data at 4.5µm Type: "3D_CT" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.715   state:published	Download CT data

This contribution contains 3D models of extinct rodents Dinomyidae from Miocene and Quaternary of Brazil. The Miocene specimens that were digitalized include the holotypes of Potamarchus adamiae, Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai, and Ferigolomys pacarana collected in the Solimões Formation (Upper Miocene), northern Brazil. The Quaternary specimens are the holotype and paratype of Niedemys piauiensis, found in Upper Pleistocene deposits from northeast Brazil. 

Potamarchus adamiae UFAC-CS 011 View specimen

M3#410 UFAC-CS 011 – holotype, palatal region of the skull with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.410   state:published

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Potamarchus adamiae UFAC-CS 043 View specimen

M3#411 UFAC-CS 043, left dentary with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.411   state:published

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Pseudopotamarchus villanuevai UFAC 4762 View specimen

M3#412 UFAC 4762 – holotype, incomplete right maxilla with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.412   state:published

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Ferigolomys pacarana UFAC 6460 View specimen

M3#413 UFAC 6460 – holotype, palatal region of the skull with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.413   state:published

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Drytomomys sp. UFAC 2742 View specimen

M3#414 UFAC 2742, right dentary with cheek teeth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.414   state:published

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Niedemys piauiensis FUMDHAM 113-146365-2 View specimen

M3#418 FUMDHAM 113-146365-2 - holotype, upper right tooth Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.418   state:published

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Niedemys piauiensis FUMDHAM 113-145304-2 View specimen

M3#419 FUMDHAM 113-145304-2 - paratype, left lower molar Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.419   state:published

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This contribution contains the 3D models described and figured in the publication entitled "The petrosal and bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor, an enigmatic Artiodactyla from the Oligocene of Western Europe" by Orliac, Araújo, and Lihoreau published in Journal of Morphology (Orliac et al. 2017) https://doi.org/10.1002/jmor.20702.
  

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1079 View specimen

	M3#138 right bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.138   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#139 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.139   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1080 View specimen

	M3#140 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.140   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#141 left isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.141   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1081 View specimen

	M3#142 right bony labyrinth and associated nerves and veins of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.142   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#143 right isolated petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.143   state:published	Download 3D surface file

Diplobune minor UM ITD 1083 View specimen

	M3#144 left bony labyrinth of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.144   state:published	Download 3D surface file
	M3#145 left petrosal of Diplobune minor from Itardies, France Type: "3D_surfaces" doi: 10.18563/m3.sf.145   state:published	Download 3D surface file